| تعداد نشریات | 63 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 2,257 |
| تعداد مقالات | 18,555 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 57,399,641 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 29,417,010 |
بی ثباتی سیاسی در دوره مشروطه از منظر مناسبات بین دولت و جامعه | ||
| فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 26، شماره 87، دی 1398، صفحه 21-58 اصل مقاله (810.57 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/qjss.2020.44924.2138 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا بی زبان* 1؛ مصطفی اجتهادی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران | ||
| 2دانشیار جامعه شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نوشتار حاضر به توضیح چرایی و چگونگی وقوع مکرر بیثباتیهای سیاسی و عدم تداوم دولت نوپدید مشروطه از منظر رابطه بین جامعه و دولت میپردازد. برای این منظور، در ابتدا به بررسی ویژگیهای جامعه و دولت و سپس با استمداد از رویکرد نهادگرایی میگدال نشان داده است که چگونه نهادها و نیروهای اجتماعی این دوره جهت کسب حق تعیین «قواعد» و قدرت انحصاری «کنترل اجتماعی»، دولت مشروطه را به میدان کشمکش و گاه با ائتلاف موقتیای که با برخی نیروهای اجتماعی قدرتمند ایجاد میکردند آن را به «کارگزار» خود تبدیل مینمودند که به نوبه خود مخالفت دیگر نیروها و در نتیجه تشدید منازعات سیاسی را موجب میشد. فقدان خودمختاری و تضاد منافع این نهادها تضعیف قدرت عاملیت دولت را موجب شد که به تدریج زمینه افزایش نارضایتی و بیاعتمادی، کاهش مشروعیت دولت، تعمیق شکاف بین دولت و جامعه و در نهایت بروز رویدادهایی از قبیل کودتا، فروپاشی پیدرپی کابینههای دولتی، جنبشهای گریز از مرکز و... را فراهم کرد که ثبات نظام سیاسی مستقر در این دوره را با چالشها و یا دگرگونیهای نامتعارف مواجه نمود. در واقع، بیثباتیهای پس از انقلاب مشروطه را باید در عدم تقارن قدرت دولت با قدرت جامعه یا به عبارتی بهمثابه پیامدِ «رابطه نامتقارن» بین جامعه پراکنده و نامنسجم و دولت ضعیف دانست. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| بیثباتی سیاسی؛ مناسبات بین دولت و جامعه | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abrahamian, Y (2016). People in Iranian Politics. Translated into Persian Behrang Rajabi.Tehran: Cheshme Publication.
- Abrahamian, Y (2005). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Translated into Persian Ahmad Golmohammadi. Tehran: Ney Publication.
- Abrahamian, Y (2010). Modern Iranian History, Translated into Mohammad Ebrahim Fatahi. Tehran: Ney Publication.
- Afari, J (2006). Iranian Constitutional Revolution, Translation into Persian Reza Rezaei. Tehran: Bistoon Publication.
- Avery, P (1994). Contemporary Iranian History; From the Establishment to the Extinction of the Qajar Dynasty. Translated into Persian Rafiei Mahdabadi. Tehran: Atai Publications Institute.
- Atabaki, T (2006). Imperial Renewal, Society and Government in The Era of Reza Shah, Translated into Persian Mehdi Haghighatkhah. Tehran: Ghoghnoos Publication.
- Ashraf, A & Banuazizi, A (2008). Social Classes. Government and Revolution in Iran, Translated into Persian Soheila Torabi Farsani. Tehran: Niloufar Publication.
- Algar, H (1989). Religion and Government in Iran. The Role of Scholars in The Qajar Period, Translated into Persian Abolghasem Sari. Tehran Toos Publication.
- Ahrar, A (1973). Storm in Iran. Tehran: Novin Publication.
- Amanat, (2017). Iran a Modern History: Yale University Press. New Haven& London.
- Amir Arjmand, S (1988). The Turban for the Crown. The Islamic Revolution in Iran: Oxford University Press.
- Brown, E (1997). The Constitutional Revolution of Iran. Translated into Persian Mehdi Ghazvini.Tehran: Kavir Publication.
- Bahar, M.T (1979). A Brief History of Political Parties. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication.
- Bayat, M (1991). Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution Of 1905-1909: New York Oxford University.
- The Blue Book (1986). The Foreign Ministry's Confidential Reports on the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. By Ahmad Bashiri: New Press.
- Cronin, S (2007). Tribal Politics in Iran: Rural Conflict and the New State, 1921-1941: Rotledge, London and New York.
- Clawson, P & Rubin, M (2005). Eternal Iran: Continuity and Chaos: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Cornell. A Lapuente. V (2014). Meritocratic Administration and Democratic Stability. Democratization,Vol. 21, No. 7, 1286–1304.
- Dolatabadi, Yahya (1984). History of the Present or Life of Yahya. Tehran: Ferdowsi Publication.
- Delavari, A (2015). A Critical Introduction to the Concept and Indicators of Political Instability. State Studies Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 2.
- Etehadie, M (1982). The Origin and Evolution of the Constitutional Political Parties; The First and Second Courts of the National Assembly. Tehran: Gostare Publication.
- Foran, J (2008). Fragile Resistance; The History of Social Change in Iran From the Safavid to The Post-Islamic Revolution. Translation into Persian Ahmad Tadayon. Tehran: Rasa Publication.
- Floor, W (1987). A Look at Iranian Social History in the Qajar Era. Translated Into Persian Abolghasem Sari. Tehran: Toos Publication.
- Fukuyama, F (2018). Political Order and Political Desay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy, Translated into Persian Ghahrenapoor. Tehran: Rozane Publication.
- Ghani, S (1999). Iran, Reza Khan's Rise and Fall of the Qajar and the Role Of The English. Translated into Persian Hassan Kamshad. Tehran: Niloufar Publication.
- Hedayat, M (1965). Memories And Dangers. Tehran: Zavar Publication.
- Isawi, C (1983). The Economic History of Iran in the Qajar Period. Translated Into Persian Yaghoub Ajand. Tehran: Gostare Publication.
- Keddie, N. R (1990). The Roots of the Iranian Revolution. Translated into Persian Abdol Rahim Gohi. Tehran: Ghalam Publication.
- Keddie, Nicky. R (2002). Iran in the Qajar Period and the Rise of Reza Khan. Translated into Persian Mehdi Haghighatkhah. Tehran: Ghoghnoos Publication
- Kasravi, A (1977) The 18-Year History of Azerbaijan: Amir Kabir Press.
- Kazemzadeh, F (2013). Russia and Britain in Persia: Imperial Ambitions in Qajar Iran: New Edition Published By I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd.
- Lambton, A (1998). Owner and Farmer in Iran, Translated into Persian Manouchehr Amiri. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Press.
- Lee, R (2004). Alternative Routes to State Breakdown: Toward an Integrated Model of Territorial Disintegration, Human Sciences: No. 41- 42.
- Malek Al-Morkhine, A (2013). Isfahan Travelogue and History. By Hassan Javadi: Published by Dr. Mahmoud Afshar Yazdi.
- Migdal, J (2016). Government in Society. Translated into Persian Mohammad Taghi Delfroz. Tehran: Kavir Publication.
- Migdal, J (1988). Strong Societies and Weak States: State – Society Relationship and State Capabilities in the Third Word: Princton University Press.
- Mokhtari Esfahani, R (2015). The First Pahlavi; From the Coup to the Fall, Tehran, Parseh Book.
- Mostofi, A (2009). Description of My Life; Social and Administrative History of the Qajar Period. Zawar Publication.
- Malekzadeh, M (2004). History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. Sokhan Publications.
- Majd, M.G (2010). From Qajar to Pahlavi 1289-1899 AH, Based on US Department of State Documents, Translated into Persian Seyyed Reza Marzani. Tehran: Institute for Political Studies and Research.
- Makki, H (1983). The Twenty-Year History of Iran. Volume 2. Tehran: Scientific Publication.
- Sanders, David (2002). Patterns of Political Instability. Translated into Persian Hamid Amanat. Institute for Strategic Studies.
- Sameei Esfahani, A (2008). Powerful Society, Weak Government; Sociological Explanation of Government Relations - Society in Iran Qajar Era, Politics Quarterly, Volume 38, Number 3.
- Shajie, Z (2004). The Political Elite in Iran: From the Constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution. Volume Two and Four. Tehran: Sokhan Publication.
- Shuster, M (2006). Iranian Strangulation. Translated into Persian Hassan Afshar. Maahi Press.
- Safaei, E (1974). The Social Context of the Coup of 1299. Tehran: Afsat Publication.
- Taliban, M.R (2007). Sociological Explanation of Political Instability. Journal of Faculty of Literature And Humanities, Volume 15, Number 56-57.
- Tonekaboni, H (2013). An Analysis of Administrative Forms and the Barriers to Its Development in Iran in the Constitutional Era, Cultural Sociology, Fourth Year, No. 1.
- Yazdani, S (2016). Iranian Coups. Tehran: Mahhi Publication
- Zirinsky, M. P (1992). Imperial Power and Dictatorship: Britain and the Rise of Reza Shah, 1921-1926, Int.J. Middle East Stud.24. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 879 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 876 |
||