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بی ثباتی سیاسی در دوره مشروطه از منظر مناسبات بین دولت و جامعه | ||
| فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 26، شماره 87، دی 1398، صفحه 21-58 اصل مقاله (810.57 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/qjss.2020.44924.2138 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا بی زبان* 1؛ مصطفی اجتهادی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران | ||
| 2دانشیار جامعه شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نوشتار حاضر به توضیح چرایی و چگونگی وقوع مکرر بی‌ثباتی‌های سیاسی و عدم تداوم دولت نوپدید مشروطه از منظر رابطه بین جامعه و دولت می‌پردازد. برای این منظور، در ابتدا به بررسی ویژگی‌های جامعه و دولت و سپس با استمداد از رویکرد نهادگرایی میگدال نشان داده است که چگونه نهادها و نیروهای اجتماعی این دوره جهت کسب حق تعیین «قواعد» و قدرت انحصاری «کنترل اجتماعی»، دولت مشروطه را به میدان کشمکش و گاه با ائتلاف موقتی‌ای که با برخی نیروهای اجتماعی قدرتمند ایجاد می‌کردند آن را به «کارگزار» خود تبدیل می‌نمودند که به نوبه خود مخالفت دیگر نیروها و در نتیجه تشدید منازعات سیاسی را موجب می‌شد. فقدان خودمختاری و تضاد منافع این نهادها تضعیف قدرت عاملیت دولت را موجب شد که به تدریج زمینه افزایش نارضایتی و بی‌اعتمادی، کاهش مشروعیت دولت، تعمیق شکاف بین دولت و جامعه و در نهایت بروز رویدادهایی از قبیل کودتا، فروپاشی پی‌درپی کابینه‌های دولتی، جنبش‌های گریز از مرکز و... را فراهم کرد که ثبات نظام سیاسی مستقر در این دوره را با چالش‌ها و یا دگرگونی‌های نامتعارف مواجه نمود. در واقع، بی‌ثباتی‌های پس از انقلاب مشروطه را باید در عدم تقارن قدرت دولت با قدرت جامعه یا به عبارتی به‌مثابه پیامدِ «رابطه نامتقارن» بین جامعه پراکنده و نامنسجم و دولت ضعیف دانست. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بی‌ثباتی سیاسی؛ مناسبات بین دولت و جامعه | ||
| مراجع | ||
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