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نقش تصوف در تشکیل حکومت صفوی (بازخوانی آراء ابن‌خلدون درباره تشکیل حکومت‌ها) | ||
| فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 27، شماره 90، مهر 1399، صفحه 1-32 اصل مقاله (1.07 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/qjss.2021.53602.2262 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسن سرایی* 1؛ ابوالفضل فتح‌آبادی2 | ||
| 1استاد جامعه شناسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| برخی اندیشمندان برای تبیین شکل‌گیری حکومت صفوی بر نقش عصبیت قبیله‌ای و برخی دیگر بر نقش عصبیت دینی تأکید کرده‌اند و درواقع، هیچ‌کدام به هم‌نشینی و هم‌افزایی فرایندی عوامل مزبور در تشکیل این حکومت توجه نداشته‌اند. بر این اساس، هدف پژوهش حاضر این بوده است که بر اساس آراء سیاسی ابن‌خلدون و با رویکردی توصیفی- تحلیلی و استفاده از روش اسنادی و مطالعه متون تاریخی مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش، فرایند هم‌نشینی و هم‌افزایی هر دو نوع عصبیت را در تشکیل حکومت صفوی آشکار کند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهند که شاه اسماعیل با بهره‌گیری از ولایت صوفیانه، موجبات هم‌نشینی سه عامل عصبیت قبیله‌ای درون هر یک از قبایل، عصبیت دینی درون هر یک از قبایل و عصبیت دینی میان همه قبایل را فراهم آورده و بر همین اساس، میان قبایل مختلف تحت امر خود اتحاد و انسجام ایجاد کرده و با استفاده از قدرت مضاعف این قبایل که محصول هم‌نشینی و هم‌افزایی پیوندهای دینی با پیوندهای قومی بوده، با پیروزی بر سایر مدعیان قدرت موفق به تشکیل حکومت صفوی شده است؛ بنابراین، در تشکیل حکومت صفوی هر دو نوع عصبیت، البته با تقدم عصبیت دینی بر عصبیت قبیله‌ای، دارای نقش و جایگاه بوده‌اند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تصوف؛ ولایت صوفیانه؛ عصبیت دینی؛ قبیله‌ای؛ حکومت صفویه؛ ابن‌خلدون | ||
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