Philosophy of Charity: From Singer to Spoerl | ||
| حکمت و فلسفه | ||
| Article 4, Volume 17, Issue 68, January 2022, Pages 101-121 PDF (1 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22054/wph.2021.44009.1793 | ||
| Author | ||
| Masoud Sadeghi* | ||
| Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Participation in charity is one of the moral mechanisms for eradicating economic poverty, and the philosophical debate about it has risen since the 1970s. In this paper, two important philosophical arguments have been formulated and researched by Singer and Spoerl about duty or beyond duty and why and how to participate in charitable affairs. Singer believes that people who are morally obligated are obliged to give their possessions to those in need unless this assistance requires the deprivation of things that are morally comparable to the needs and problems of those in need. Spoerl, along with all the critics, clearly sees this as a rigid condition, and instead believes that people with morals are obliged to give their possessions to the needy, but only after they have met the necessities of life. There is also a serious disagreement between Singer and Spoerl about the definition of the necessities of life, and Spoerl derives a broad definition of it that includes artistic, intellectual, and social values. Singer also does not specify the source of charity, but Spoerl, by separating surplus income from surplus wealth, believes that we simply have a duty to give our surplus income to the needy. Based on the findings of the paper, the lack of prioritization of the needy and its non-separation from the prioritization of needs is evident to some extent in both perspectives, especially Singer's perspective. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Singer; Spoerl; The Necessities of Life | ||
| References | ||
|
Abu Ata, Muhammad. Farzad, Masoud (2013) "The concept and legal nature of charity" 6th year studies of jurisprudence and Islamic law. Number 11. [in Persian]
Bruce, Michael. Barbone, Steven (2011) Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy.Blackwell Publishing.
Brian Feltham and John Cottingham (2010)Partiality and Impartiality: Morality, Special Relationships, and the Wider World.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gopnik, Alison(2016) The gardener and the carpenter: What the new science of child development tells us about the relationship between parents and children. Macmillan.
Irvani, Javad (2008) "Researching the concept and use of the words zakat and sadaqah in hadiths" Hadith Sciences. Summer. Number 48. [in Persian]
Matcas Valentin (2016) The Hierarchy of Needs. The one book series by Valentin Matcas.
Mousavi, Seyyed Jafar (2016) Sadagheh Besharat No. 58. [in Persian]
Ranyard, Rob (2018) Economic psychology / edited by Rob Ranyard. Description: Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
Singer, Peter(1972) «Famine, Affluence And Morality» Philosophy and Public Affairs.229-43
Singer, Peter (2009) One world, the ethics of globalization. Translated by Mohammad Azadeh. Tehran: Ney. [in Persian]
Spoerl Joseph.S(1992) «Peter Singer on Famine, Affluence And Morality: A Christian Response»The American Journal of Jurisprudence. Volume37. Issue 1. 113-33
Seipel Peter (2019) «Famine, affluence, and philosophers’ biases». Philosophical Studies. October | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 727 PDF Download: 358 |
||