همبودی ADHD و اختلالات مصرف مواد: مروری بر ملاحظات تشخیصی و درمانی

شفاعت، ع.،  تیرگری سراج، ع.، دانشپور، م . م.، حاجیان، م؛ و خادملو، خ. (1392). بررسی شیوع اختلال بیش فعالی و نقص توجه در دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان‌های شهرستان ساری. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، 23، 104، 18-12.

References

Ahmad, S. I., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2016). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Similarities to and differences from other externalizing disorders. In The Oxford handbook of externalizing spectrum disorders (pp. 19–37). New York: Oxford University Press.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

Arnold, L. E. (2000). Methyiphenidate vs. amphetamine: Comparative review. Journal of Attention Disorders, 3(4), 200-211.

Arnsten, A. F., & Rubia, K. (2012). Neurobiological circuits regulating attention, cognitive control, motivation, and emotion: disruptions in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(4), 356-367.

Aviram, R. B., Rhum, M., & Levin, F. R. (2001). Psychotherapy of adults with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and psychoactive substance use disorder. The Journal of psychotherapy practice and research, 10(3), 179–186.

Barkley, R. A., & Brown, T. E. (2008). Unrecognized attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults presenting with other psychiatric disorders. CNS spectrums, 13(11), 977-984.

Boland, R. J., Verduin, M. L., & Ruiz, P. (2021). Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Carpentier, P. J., & Levin, F. R. (2017). Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD in Addicted Patients: What Does the Literature Tell Us?. Harvard review of psychiatry, 25(2), 50–64.

Castellanos, F. X., Lee, P. P., Sharp, W., Jeffries, N. O., Greenstein, D. K., Clasen, L. S., ... & Rapoport, J. L. (2002). Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Jama, 288(14), 1740-1748.

Conners, C. K., Erhardt, D., & Sparrow, E. P. (1999). Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Technical Manual. New York: Multi-Health Systems.

Crunelle, C. L., van den Brink, W., Moggi, F., Konstenius, M., Franck, J., Levin, F. R., ... & Matthys, F. (2018). International consensus statement on screening, diagnosis and treatment of substance use disorder patients with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European addiction research, 24(1), 43-51.

Dalsgaard, S., Mortensen, P. B., Frydenberg, M., & Thomsen, P. H. (2014). ADHD, stimulant treatment in childhood and subsequent substance abuse in adulthood - a naturalistic long-term follow-up study. Addictive behaviors, 39(1), 325–328.

Dambreville, N., Hernandez, M., & Levin, F. R. (2021). Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder & Substance Abuse in Adults & Children. In N. el-Guebaly., G. Carrà., M. Galanter & A. M. Baldacchino, Textbook of Addiction Treatment (pp. 1357-1371). Springer.

Evren, C. (2018). Comorbidity of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 31(2), 115.

Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (2016). Can attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder onset occur in adulthood?. JAMA psychiatry, 73(7), 655-656.

Faraone, S. V., & Glatt, S. J. (2010). A comparison of the efficacy of medications for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using meta-analysis of effect sizes. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 71(6), 754–763.

Faraone, S. V., & Mick, E. (2010). Molecular genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatric Clinics, 33(1), 159-180.

Fatséas, M., Hurmic, H., Serre, F., Debrabant, R., Daulouède, J. P., Denis, C., & Auriacombe, M. (2016). Addiction severity pattern associated with adult and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with addictions. Psychiatry Research, 246, 656-662.

Findling, R. L. (2008). Evolution of the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a review. Clinical therapeutics, 30(5), 942–957.

First, M. B., Williams, J. B., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2015). User’s guide to structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders (SCID-5-CV) clinical version. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Fischer, M., & Barkley, R. (2006). Young adult outcomes of children with hyperactivity: Leisure, financial, and social activities. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 53, 229–245.

Frick, P. J., & Nigg, J. T. (2012). Current issues in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Clinical Psychology, 8, 77–107.

Gascon, G. G., Johnson, R., & Burd, L. (1986). Central auditory processing and attention deficit disorders. Journal of Child Neurology, 1(1), 27-33.

Gordon, M., Barkley, R. A., & Lovett, B. J. (2006). Tests and observational measures, in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: handbook for diagnosis and treatment. (3nd ed., pp. 287-314). New York, NY: Guilford Press, Inc.

Groenman, A. P., Oosterlaan, J., Rommelse, N., Franke, B., Roeyers, H., Oades, R. D., ... & Faraone, S. V. (2013). Substance use disorders in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A 4‐year follow‐up study. Addiction, 108(8), 1503-1511.

Harstad, E., Levy, S., & Committee on Substance Abuse (2014). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse. Pediatrics, 134(1), e293–e301. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0992

Hernandez, M., Dambreville, N., & Levin, F. R. (2022). ADHD and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders. In Substance and Non-Substance Related Addictions: A Global Approach (pp. 19-38). Springer.

Hinshaw, S. P. (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Controversy, developmental mechanisms, and multiple levels of analysis. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology,14, 291-316.

Hogue, A., Bobek, M., & Nager, A. (2013). Medication integration protocol (MIP): provider manual. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.

Hogue, A., Evans, S. W., & Levin, F. R. (2017). A Clinician's Guide to Co-occurring ADHD among Adolescent Substance Users: Comorbidity, Neurodevelopmental Risk, and Evidence-based Treatment Options. Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse, 26(4), 277–292.

Hogue, A., Lichvar, E., & Bobek, M. (2016). Pilot Evaluation of the Medication Integration Protocol for Adolescents with ADHD in Behavioral Care: Treatment Fidelity and Medication Uptake. Journal of emotional and behavioral disorders, 24(4), 223–234.

Hoza, B., Mrug, S., Verdes, A. C., Hinshaw, S. P., Bukowski, W. M., Gold, J. A., Kraemer, H. C., Pelma, W. E., Jr., Wigal, T., & Arnold, L. E. (2005). What aspects of peer relationships are impaired in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 411–423.

Humphreys, K. L., Eng, T., & Lee, S. S. (2013). Stimulant medication and substance use outcomes: a meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 70(7), 740–749.

Huss, M., Dirks, B., Gu, J., Robertson, B., Newcorn, J. H., & Ramos-Quiroga, J. A. (2018). Long-term safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with ADHD. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 27(10), 1283–1294.

In Y. Kaminer & O. G. Bukstein, Adolescent Substance Abuse: Psychiatric Comorbidity and High Risk Behaviors (pp.195-210). Routledge.

Jasinski, D. R., & Krishnan, S. (2009). Abuse liability and safety of oral lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in individuals with a history of stimulant abuse. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 23(4), 419–427.

Kalivas, P. W., & Volkow, N. D. (2005). The neural basis of addiction: a pathology of motivation and choice. The American journal of psychiatry, 162(8), 1403–1413.

Kaminer, Y., & Bukstein, O. G. (2008). Adolescent Substance Abuse: Psychiatric Comorbidity and High Risk Behaviors. Routledge.

Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Ames, M., Demler, O., Faraone, S., Hiripi, E. V. A., ... & Walters, E. E. (2005). The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychological medicine, 35(2), 245-256.

Klassen, L. J., Katzman, M. A., & Chokka, P. (2010). Adult ADHD and its comorbidities, with a focus on bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 124, 1–8.

Langberg, J. M., Molina, B. S. G., Arnold, L. E., Epstein, J. N., Altaye, M., Hinshaw, S. P., Swanson, J. M., Wigal, T., & Hechtman, L. (2012). Patterns and predictors of adolescent academic achievement and performance in a sample of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40, 519–531.

Levin, F. R & Mariani, J. J. (2018). Co-occurring addictive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In S. C. Miller., D. A. Fiellin., R. N. Rosenthal., & R. Saitz (Eds.), The ASAM principles of addiction medicine (6nd ed).Wolters Kluwer.

Levin, F. R., Evans, S. M., & Kleber, H. D. (1998). Prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among cocaine abusers seeking treatment. Drug and alcohol dependence, 52(1), 15-25.

Levin, F. R., Mariani, J. J., Specker, S., Mooney, M., Mahony, A., Brooks, D. J., Babb, D., Bai, Y., Eberly, L. E., Nunes, E. V., & Grabowski, J. (2015). Extended-Release Mixed Amphetamine Salts vs Placebo for Comorbid Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Cocaine Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry, 72(6), 593–602.

Loza, E., Jover, J. A., Rodriguez, L., Carmona, L., & EPISER Study Group. (2009). Multimorbidity: prevalence, effect on quality of life and daily functioning, and variation of this effect when one condition is a rheumatic disease. In Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 38, 4, 312-319.

Luderer, M., Kaplan-Wickel, N., Richter, A., Reinhard, I., Kiefer, F., & Weber, T. (2019). Screening for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in alcohol dependent patients: Underreporting of ADHD symptoms in self-report scales. Drug and alcohol dependence, 195, 52-58.

Luderer, M., Sick, C., Kaplan-Wickel, N., Reinhard, I., Richter, A., Kiefer, F., & Weber, T. (2018). Prevalence estimates of ADHD in a sample of inpatients with alcohol dependence. Journal of Attention Disorders, 24(14), 2072-2083.

Luo, S. X., & Levin, F. R. (2017). Towards Precision Addiction Treatment: New Findings in Co-morbid Substance Use and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders. Current psychiatry reports, 19(3), 14.

Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., Truong, N. L., Moulton, J. L., 3rd, Roizen, E. R., Howell, K. H., & Castellanos, F. X. (2008). Age of methylphenidate treatment initiation in children with ADHD and later substance abuse: prospective follow-up into adulthood. The American journal of psychiatry, 165(5), 604–609.

March, J. S., Swanson, J. M., Arnold, L. E., Hoza, B., Conners, C. K., Hinshaw, S. P., Hechtman, L., Kraemer, H. C., Greenhill, L. L., Abikoff, H. B., Elliott, L. G., Jensen, P. S., Newcorn, J. H., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., Wells, K. C., & Pelham, W. E. (2000). Anxiety as a predictor and outcome variable in the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD (MTA). Journal of abnormal child psychology, 28(6), 527–541.

Mariani, J. J., & Levin, F. R. (2007). Treatment strategies for co‐occurring ADHD and substance use disorders. The American Journal on Addictions, 16, 45-56.

Matthys, F., Stes, S., van den Brink, W., Joostens, P., Möbius, D., Tremmery, S., & Sabbe, B. (2014). Guideline for screening, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adults with substance use disorders. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12(5), 629-647.

McRae-Clark, A. L., Brady, K. T., Hartwell, K. J., White, K., & Carter, R. E. (2011). Methylphenidate transdermal system in adults with past stimulant misuse: an open-label trial. Journal of attention disorders, 15(7), 539–544.

McRae-Clark, A. L., Carter, R. E., Killeen, T. K., Carpenter, M. J., White, K. G., & Brady, K. T. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of atomoxetine in marijuana-dependent individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The American journal on addictions, 19(6), 481–489.

Mereu, M., Bonci, A., Newman, A. H., & Tanda, G. (2013). The neurobiology of modafinil as an enhancer of cognitive performance and a potential treatment for substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology, 229(3), 415–434.

Molina, B. S., & Pelham, W. E., Jr (2003). Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD. Journal of abnormal psychology, 112(3), 497–507.

Molina, B. S., & Pelham, W. E., Jr (2014). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of substance use disorder: developmental considerations, potential pathways, and opportunities for research. Annual review of clinical psychology, 10, 607–639.

Molina, B. S., Howard, A. L., Swanson, J. M., Stehli, A., Mitchell, J. T., Kennedy, T. M., ... & Hoza, B. (2018). Substance use through adolescence into early adulthood after childhood‐diagnosed ADHD: findings from the MTA longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(6), 692-702.

Nigg, J. T. (2013). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and adverse health outcomes. Clinical psychology review, 33(2), 215-228.

Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan. (2020). Abnormal psychology (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education, New York.

Notzon, D. P., Pavlicova, M., Glass, A., Mariani, J. J., Mahony, A. L., Brooks, D. J., & Levin, F. R. (2020). ADHD is highly prevalent in patients seeking treatment for cannabis use disorders. Journal of attention disorders, 24(11), 1487-1492.

Nunes, E. V., Covey, L. S., Brigham, G., Hu, M. C., Levin, F. R., Somoza, E. C., & Winhusen, T. M. (2013). Treating nicotine dependence by targeting attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with OROS methylphenidate: the role of baseline ADHD severity and treatment response. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 74(10), 983–990.

Ortal, S., van de Glind, G., Johan, F., Itai, B., Nir, Y., Iliyan, I., & van den Brink, W. (2015). The role of different aspects of impulsivity as independent risk factors for substance use disorders in patients with ADHD: a review. Current drug abuse reviews, 8(2), 119-133.

Philipsen, A. (2012). Psychotherapy in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: implications for treatment and research. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 12(10), 1217–1225.

Quinn, P. D., Chang, Z., Hur, K., Gibbons, R. D., Lahey, B. B., Rickert, M. E., Sjölander, A., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., & D'Onofrio, B. M. (2017). ADHD Medication and Substance-Related Problems. The American journal of psychiatry, 174(9), 877–885.

Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Díaz-Digon, L., Comín, M., Bosch, R., Palomar, G., Chalita, J. P., ... & Casas, M. (2015). Criteria and concurrent validity of adult ADHD section of the psychiatry research interview for substance and mental disorders. Journal of attention disorders, 19(12), 999-1006.

Riggs, P. D., Winhusen, T., Davies, R. D., Leimberger, J. D., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S., Klein, C., Macdonald, M., Lohman, M., Bailey, G. L., Haynes, L., Jaffee, W. B., Haminton, N., Hodgkins, C., Whitmore, E., Trello-Rishel, K., Tamm, L., Acosta, M. C., Royer-Malvestuto, C., Subramaniam, G., Fishman, M., … Liu, D. (2011). Randomized controlled trial of osmotic-release methylphenidate with cognitive-behavioral therapy in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(9), 903–914.

Rooney, M., Chronis-Tuscano, A., & Yoon, Y. (2012). Substance use in college students with ADHD. Journal of attention disorders, 16(3), 221-234.

Safren, S. A., Sprich, S., Mimiaga, M. J., Surman, C., Knouse, L., Groves, M., & Otto, M. W. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy vs relaxation with educational support for medication-treated adults with ADHD and persistent symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 304(8), 875–880.

Schubiner, H., Tzelepis, A., Milberger, S., Lockhart, N., Kruger, M., & Schoener, E. P. (2000). Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder among substance abusers. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 61(4), 15353.

Shaw, P., Eckstrand, K., Sharp, W., Blumenthal, J., Lerch, J. P., Greenstein, D. E. E. A., ... & Rapoport, J. L. (2007). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 104(49), 19649-19654.

Sibley, M. H., Pelham, W. E., Molina, B., Coxe, S., Kipp, H., Gnagy, E. M., Meinzer, M., Ross, J. M., & Lahey, B. B. (2014). The role of early childhood ADHD and subsequent CD in the initiation and escalation of adolescent cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Journal of abnormal psychology, 123(2), 362–374.

Skoglund, C., Brandt, L., D'Onofrio, B., Larsson, H., & Franck, J. (2017). Methylphenidate doses in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and comorbid substance use disorders. European neuropsychopharmacology: the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(11), 1144–1152.

Spaniardi, A., Greenhill, L., & Hechtman, L. (). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed., 45.1). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Tamm, L., Trello-Rishel, K., Riggs, P., Nakonezny, P. A., Acosta, M., Bailey, G., & Winhusen, T. (2013). Predictors of treatment response in adolescents with comorbid substance use disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 44(2), 224–230.

Tiet, Q. Q., Ilgen, M. A., Byrnes, H. F., Harris, A. H., & Finney, J. W. (2007). Treatment setting and baseline substance use severity interact to predict patients' outcomes. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 102(3), 432–440.

Triolo, S. J & Murphy, K. R. (1996). Attention-deficit scales for adults (ADSA). Brunner/Mazel.

van de Glind, G., Konstenius, M., Koeter, M. W., van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen, K., Carpentier, P. J., Kaye, S., ... & IASP Research Group. (2014). Variability in the prevalence of adult ADHD in treatment seeking substance use disorder patients: results from an international multi-center study exploring DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. Drug and alcohol dependence, 134, 158-166.

van Emmerik‐van Oortmerssen, K., van de Glind, G., Koeter, M. W., Allsop, S., Auriacombe, M., Barta, C., ... & Schoevers, R. A. (2014). Psychiatric comorbidity in treatment‐seeking substance use disorder patients with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of the IASP study. Addiction, 109(2), 262-272.

van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen, K., van de Glind, G., van den Brink, W., Smit, F., Crunelle, C. L., Swets, M., & Schoevers, R. A. (2012). Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in substance use disorder patients: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Drug and alcohol dependence, 122(1-2), 11-19.

Vos, T., Barber, R. M., Bell, B., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Biryukov, S., Bolliger, I., ... & Brugha, T. S. (2015). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The lancet, 386(9995), 743-800.

Ward, M. F. (1993). The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American journal of Psychiatry, 150, 885-885

West, S. L., Mulsow, M., & Arredondo, R. (2003). Factor analysis of the attention deficit scales for adults (ADSA) with a clinical sample of outpatient substance abusers. American Journal on Addictions, 12(2), 159-165.

Wilens, T. E. (2002). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Adolescent Substance Use Disorders.

Wilens, T. E. (2011). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Adolescent Substance Use Disorders. In Adolescent Substance Abuse: Psychiatric Comorbidity and High Risk Behaviors (pp. 215-240). Routledge.

Wilens, T. E., Adler, L. A., Adams, J., Sgambati, S., Rotrosen, J., Sawtelle, R., ... & Fusillo, S. (2008). Misuse and diversion of stimulants prescribed for ADHD: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(1), 21-31.

Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., & Mick, E. (1998). Does ADHD affect the course of substance abuse? Findings from a sample of adults with and without ADHD. The American journal on addictions, 7(2), 156–163.

Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. J. (2002). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Annual Review of Medicine, 53, 113–131.

Woon, L. S., Hazli, Z., & Gan, L. L. Y. (2018). Pharmacotherapy for comorbid adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and stimulant dependence: a systematic review. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 17(2).

Young, J. T., Carruthers, S., Kaye, S., Allsop, S., Gilsenan, J., Degenhardt, L., van de Glind, G., van den Brink, W., & Preen, D. (2015). Comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder complexity and chronicity in treatment-seeking adults. Drug and alcohol review, 34(6), 683–693.

Yule, A. M., Martelon, M., Faraone, S. V., Carrellas, N., Wilens, T. E., & Biederman, J. (2017). Examining the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders: A familial risk analysis. Journal of psychiatric research, 85, 49–55.