Critical Examination of John Cottingham's View on Religious Experience and its Function in the Formation of Religious Belief | ||
| حکمت و فلسفه | ||
| Article 4, Volume 19, Issue 74, June 2023, Pages 71-95 PDF (1.08 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22054/wph.2023.70548.2115 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mehdi Khayatzadeh | ||
| PhD in Philosophy, University of Tehran, | ||
| Abstract | ||
| John Cottingham focuses on two types of religious experience: general religious experience and specific religious experience. According to him, general experiences do not require special and complex education, scientific research or philosophical theorizing, but are a simple act of accepting a gift. Of course, unlike everyday observations, such experiences are not available to everyone and their realization requires special conditions. Regarding specific religious experiences, he also believes that when dealing with parts of the Bible that contain reports of such experiences, one should neither have a naturalistic or demythologizing approach, nor an appearance-oriented approach; Rather, these verses should be interpreted in such a way that both its amazing content is preserved and this content does not conflict with modern science. Using the basics of Islamic philosophy, this work has a critical review of both parts of his view. The result of these criticisms is that due to the personal nature of evidences from religious experiences, the epistemological guarantee of these experiences is obtained through the rational and revelatory method. And based on this, these experiences cannot be considered as an independent path alongside the rational and revelatory path. Also, the observation of specific religious experiences is not a sensory observation and occurs in the container of human imagination and fantasy, without being a part of these experiences, they have become a characteristic of the self. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| John Cottingham; General Religious Experience; Specific Religious Experience; Middle Approach | ||
| References | ||
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Cottingham, John .(2005). The Spiritual Dimension - Religion, Philosophy, and Human Value, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cottingham, John .(2009). Why Believe, UK: Continuum.
Cottingham, John .(2014). philosophy of religion - Towards a More Humane Approach, UK: Cambridge University Press.
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