| تعداد نشریات | 63 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 2,267 |
| تعداد مقالات | 18,711 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 58,272,669 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 29,937,293 |
The Phenomenology of Shame in the Clinical Population: A Qualitative Study | ||
| مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 15، شماره 54، فروردین 1403، صفحه 55-66 اصل مقاله (428.62 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/jcps.2024.77946.3021 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Morteza Keshmiri1؛ Freshteh Mootabi2؛ Ladan Fata3؛ Mohsen Kachooei4؛ Kimia Khoshroo* 5 | ||
| 1Faculty of Psychology, School of Humanities, University of Sciences and Culture, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Education, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Faculty of Psychology, School of humanities, University of Sciences and Culture, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 5MSc in Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Objective: Shame is a multi-faceted self-conscious emotion which occurs when one considers themselves to not have fulfilled internalized societal standards and can be viewed as a social, psychological as well as a cultural phenomenon. The current study aimed to explore the lived experience of individuals receiving psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. Research Methodology: The study used a qualitative research method and described, in-depth, what shame is and how it’s experienced from the participants' point of view. The participants in the study were nine males and seven females who participated in an in-depth unstructured interview. Data were analyzed based on the seven-step Colaizzi's method. Findings: Based on the findings of this study, eight themes of “physical reactions,” “accompanying emotions,” “making mistakes,” “other,” “being subject to judgment,” “blame,” “annihilation,” and “having a negative view of self,” in addition to three sub-themes of “incompetence,” “worthlessness” and “inadequacy” were common in the lived experience of individuals of shame. The resulting themes were explored and discussed. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used to develop shame assessment scales considering the Iranian culture and to plan interventions that target these common themes. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Emotion؛ Phenomenology؛ Shame؛ Clinical Population | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alix, S., Cossette, L., Hébert, M., Cyr, M., & Frappier, J. Y. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder and suicidal ideation among sexually abused adolescent girls: The mediating role of shame. Journal of child sexual abuse, 26(2), 158-174.
Bafunno, D., & Camodeca, M. (2013). Shame and guilt development in preschoolers: the role of context, audience and individual characteristics. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10(2), 128–143.doi:10.1080/17405629.2013.765796.
Barrett, K. C., Zahn-Waxler, C., & Cole, P. M. (1993). Avoiders vs. amenders: Implications for the investigation of guilt and shame during toddlerhood? Cognition & Emotion, 7(6), 481-505.
Caplovitz Barrett, K. (2005). The origins of social emotions and self-regulation in toddlerhood: New evidence. Cognition & Emotion, 19(7), 953-979.
Cameron, A. Y., Shea, M. T., & Randall, A. B. (2020). Acute shame predicts urges for suicide but not for substance use in a veteran population. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 292-299.
Cândea, D. M., & Szentagotai-Tătar, A. (2018). Shame-proneness, guilt-proneness and anxiety symptoms: A meta-analysis. Journal of anxiety disorders, 58, 78-106.
Cook, D. R. (1994). Internalized shame scale: Professional manual. Channel Press.
Cromby, J. (2012). Feeling the way: Qualitative clinical research and the affective turn. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 9(1), 88-98.
de Hooge, I. E., Mohiyeddini, C., Eysenck, M., & Bauer, S. (2013). Moral emotions and prosocial behaviour: It may be time to change our view of shame and guilt. Handbook of psychology of emotions: Recent theoretical perspectives and novel empirical findings, 2, 255-276.
Dearing, R. L., Stuewig, J., & Tangney, J. P. (2005). On the importance of distinguishing shame from guilt: relations to problematic alcohol and drug use. Addictive behaviors, 30(7), 1392–1404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.02.002
Fergus, T. A., Valentiner, D. P., McGrath, P. B., & Jencius, S. (2010). Shame- and guilt-proneness: Relationships with anxiety disorder symptoms in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(8), 811–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.002
Ferguson, T. J., Stegge, H., & Damhuis, I. (1991). Children’s understanding of guilt and shame. Child Development, 62, 827–839.
Fuchs, T. (2002). The phenomenology of shame, guilt and the body in body dysmorphic disorder and depression. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 33(2), 223-243.
Gausel, N., Vignoles, V. L., & Leach, C. W. (2016). Resolving the paradox of shame: Differentiating among specific appraisal-feeling combinations explains pro-social and self defensive motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 40, 118-139. doi:10.1007/s11031-015-9513-y
Gilbert, P. (1998). What is shame? Some core issues and controversies.
Gilbert, P. (2000). The relationship of shame, social anxiety and depression: The role of the evaluation of social rank. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7, 174 –189. Gilbert, P. (2003). Evolution, social roles, and the differences in shame and guilt. Social Research, 70, 1205–1230.
Goss, K., & Allan, S. (2009). Shame, pride and eating disorders. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 16, 303-316. doi:10.1002/cpp.627
Harper, D. (2008). Clinical psychology. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.), The handbook of qualitative research in psychology (pp. 430–454). London: SAGE.Hartling, L. M., Rosen, W., Walker, M., & Jordan, J. V. (2004). Shame and humiliation: From isolation to relational transformation. The complexity of connection, 103-128.
Hedman, E., Ström, P., Stünkel, A., & Mörtberg, E. (2013). Shame and guilt in social anxiety disorder: Effects of cognitive behavior therapy and association with social anxiety and depressive symptoms. PloS one, 8(4).
Hernandez, V. R., & Mendoza, C. T. (2011). Shame Resilience: A Strategy for Empowering Women in Treatment for Substance Abuse. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 11(4), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533256x.2011.622193.
Hubbard, G., Backett-Milburn, K., & Kemmer, D. (2001). Working with emotion: Issues for the researcher in fieldwork and teamwork. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 4, 119–137.
Jordan, J. V. (1989). Relational development: Therapeutic implications of empathy and shame (Vol. 39). Wellesley, MA: Stone Center.
Jun, G. A. O., Aimin, W., & Mingyi, Q. (2010). Differentiating shame and guilt from A relational perspective: A cross-cultural study. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 38, 1401–1407.
Karlsson, G., & Sjöberg, L. G. (2009). The experiences of guilt and shame: A phenomenological–psychological study. Human Studies, 32(3), 335.
Kaufman, G. (2004). The psychology of shame: Theory and treatment of shame-based syndromes. Springer Publishing Company.Keith, L., Gillanders, D., &Simpson, S. (2009). An exploration of the main sources of shame in an eating-disordered population. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 16, 317-327. doi :10.1002/cpp.629
Keshmiri, M., Mootabi, F., Fata, L., & Kachooei, M. (2019). The Phenomenology of Shame: A Qualitative Study. Quarterly of Clinical Psychology Studies, 10(37), 1–19.
Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011). Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 137(1), 68 –96. https://doi.org/10. 1037/–0021466
Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011). Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 68–69.
Laird, J. D., & Lacasse, K. (2014). Bodily Influences on Emotional Feelings: Accumulating Evidence and Extensions of William James’s Theory of Emotion. Emotion Review, 6(1), 27–34.
Lazarus, G., & Shahar, B. (2018). The role of shame and self-criticism in social anxiety: A daily-diary study in a nonclinical sample. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(2), 107-127.
Leary, M. R. (2007). How the self-became involved in affective experience: Three sources of self-reflective emotions.
Leeming, D., & Boyle, M. (2004). Shame as a social phenomenon: A critical analysis of the concept of dispositional shame. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 77, 375–396.
Leeming, D., & Boyle, M. (2013). Managing shame: An interpersonal perspective. British journal of social psychology, 52(1), 140-160.
Lester, D. (1998). The association of shame and guilt with suicidality. The Journal of social psychology.
Lewis, H. B. (1988). The role of shame in symptom formation. In Emotions and psychopathology (pp. 95-106). Springer, Boston, MA.
Lewis, M. (2000). The emergence of human emotions. Handbook of emotions, 2, 265-280.
Lewis, M. (2012). Social cognition and the acquisition of self. Springer Science & Business Media.
Lewis, M. (1995). Shame: The exposed self. Simon and Schuster
Luoma, J. B., Chwyl, C., & Kaplan, J. (2019). Substance use and shame: A systematic and meta-analytic review. Clinical psychology review.
MacCormack, J. K., & Lindquist, K. A. (2017). Bodily contributions to emotion: Schachter’s legacy for a psychological constructionist view on emotion. Emotion Review, 9(1), 36-45.
Menesini, E., & Camodeca, M. (2008). Shame and guilt as behaviour regulators: relationships with bullying, victimization and prosocial behaviour. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 26(2), 183–196.doi:10.1348/026151007X205281.
Mills, R. S. (2005). Taking stock of the developmental literature on shame. Developmental review, 25(1), 26-63.
Morrow, R., Rodriguez, A., & King, N. (2015). Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method. The psychologist, 28(8), 643-644.
Murphy, S. A., & Kiffin-Petersen, S. (2017). The exposed self: A multilevel model of shame and ethical behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 141, 657-675. doi:10.1007/s10551-0163185-8.
Nazarov, A., Jetly, R., McNeely, H., Kiang, M., Lanius, R., & McKinnon, M. (2015). Role of morality in the experience of guilt and shame within the armed forces. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 132, 4-19. doi:10.1111/acps.12406
Olthof, T., Schouten, A., Kuiper, H., Stegge, H., & Jennekens‐Schinkel, A. (2000). Shame and guilt in children: Differential situational antecedents and experiential correlates. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(1), 51-64.
Orth, U., Berking, M., & Burkhardt, S. (2006). Self-conscious emotions and depression: Rumination explains why shame but not guilt is maladaptive. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 32(12), 1608-1619.
Pivetti, M., Camodeca, M., & Rapino, M. (2016). Shame, guilt, and anger: Their cognitive, physiological, and behavioral correlates. Current Psychology, 35(4), 690-699.
Porter, A. C., Zelkowitz, R. L., Gist, D. C., & Cole, D. A. (2019). Self-Evaluation and Depressive Symptoms: A Latent Variable Analysis of Self-Esteem, Shame-Proneness, and Self-Criticism. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 41(2), 257-270.
Rizvi, S. L., Brown, M. Z., Bohus, M., & Linehan, M. M. (2011). The role of shame in the development and treatment of borderline personality disorder. In R. L. Dearing & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Shame in the therapy hour (pp. 237-260). Washington,DC: American Psychological Association.?
Rørtveit, K., Åström, S., & Severinsson, E. (2010). The meaning of guilt and shame: A qualitative study of mothers who suffer from eating difficulties. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 19(4), 231-239.
Scheel, C. N., Bender, C., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Brodführer, A., Matthies, S., Hermann, C., . . . Jacob, G. A. (2014). Do patients with different mental disorders show specific aspects of shame? Psychiatry Research, 220, 490-495. doi:10.1016/j. psychres.2014.07.062
Scheel, C. N., Eisenbarth, H., & Rentzsch, K. (2018). Assessment of different dimensions of shame proneness: Validation of the SHAME. Assessment, 1073191118820130.
Scherer, K. R., & Wallbott, H. G. (1994). Evidence for universality and cultural variation of differential emotion response patterning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(2), 310. doi:10.1037/ 0022-3514.66.2.310.
Schoenleber, M., Chow, P. I., & Berenbaum, H. (2014). Self‐conscious emotions in worry and generalized anxiety disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(3), 299-314.
Schore, A. N. (2015). Affect regulation and the origin of the self: The neurobiology of emotional development. Routledge.
Sekowski, M., Gambin, M., Cudo, A., Wozniak-Prus, M., Penner, F., Fonagy, P., & Sharp, C. (2020). The relations between childhood maltreatment, shame, guilt, depression and suicidal ideation in inpatient adolescents. Journal of affective disorders, 276, 667-677.
Skårderud, F. (2007). Shame and pride in anorexia nervosa: A qualitative descriptive study. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 15(2), 81-97.
Smith, R. H., Webster, J. M., Parrott, W. G., & Eyre, H. L. (2002). The role of public exposure in moral and nonmoral shame and guilt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 138–159. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.138
Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2003). Shame and guilt. Guilford Press.
Tangney, J. P., Dearing, R. L., Wagner, P. E., & Gramzow, R. (1989). Test of Self-Conscious Affect–3.
Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P., Fletcher, C., & Gramzow, R. (1992). Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to anger and self-reported aggression. Journal of personality and social psychology, 62(4), 669.
Tangney, J. P. (1995). Shame and guilt in interpersonal relationships.
Thomaes, S., Stegge, H., Olthof, T., Bushman, B. J., & Nezlek, J. B. (2011). Turning shame inside-out:“humiliated fury” in young adolescents. Emotion, 11(4), 786.
Tracy, J. L., & Matsumoto, D. (2008). The spontaneous expression of pride and shame: Evidence for biologically innate nonverbal displays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(33), 11655-11660.
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2006). Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt: Support for a theoretical model. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 32(10), 1339-1351.
Tracy, J. L., Robins, R. W., & Tangney, J. P. (Eds.). (2007). The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research. Guilford Press.
Turner, J. (2005). Social control and emotions. Symbolic Interaction, 28(4), 475-485.
Van Vliet, K. J. (2009). The role of attributions in the process of overcoming shame: A qualitative analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 82(2), 137-152.
Welz, C. (2011). Shame and the hiding self. Passions in context: International Journal for the History and Theory of Emotions, 2(1), 67-92.
Wong, Y., & Tsai, J. (2007). Cultural models of shame and guilt. The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research, 209, 223. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 564 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 491 |
||