| تعداد نشریات | 63 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 2,282 |
| تعداد مقالات | 18,831 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 59,336,949 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 30,349,414 |
The effect of twelve weeks of resistance training and a detraining period on relative left ventricular wall thickness in inactive men. | ||
| New Approaches in Exercise Physiology | ||
| دوره 6، شماره 12، اسفند 2024، صفحه 111-145 اصل مقاله (369.04 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/nass.2025.88806.1188 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| shahab roozbahani* 1؛ Reyhaneh Vahabidelshad2 | ||
| 1Department of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.Bruxelles, Belgium | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Purpose: Physical activity is associated with higher left ventricular mass but also reduced risk of cardiovascular outcomes. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of twelve weeks of resistance training and a detraining period on relative left ventricular wall thickness in inactive men. Method: Twenty-four inactive men who met the inclusion criteria and were able to participate in the exercise protocol were randomly divided into two resistance training groups (n=12) and control group (n=12). Anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and relative wall thickness (RWT) were measured using echocardiography at three time points: before the start of exercise, at the end of 12 weeks of exercise, and after a 6-week period of non-exercise. The exercise protocol consisted of 12 weeks of exercise (three sessions per week) followed by 6 weeks of non-exercise. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance at a significance level of p < 0.05 using SPSS software version 24. Results: The results showed that a significant change in RWT was observed between pre-test and post-test measurements in both groups (p < 0.05) and significant changes in RWT were also observed during the detraining period in the training group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that 12 weeks of resistance training can lead to beneficial changes in cardiac structure in inactive men. A 6-week detraining period can lead to negative effects on these adaptations. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals participate in regular and structured resistance training to maintain these positive adaptations. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| resistance training؛ sedentary lifestyle؛ left ventricular؛ inactive؛ men | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
American College of Sports Medicine. (2009). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(3), 687–708.
Babaei Mazreno, A., Nazerian, I., Babaei Mazreno, E., & Mohammadi Zarchi, S. S. (2023). The comparison of active and passive recovery after one session of exhaustive exercise on lactate serum and heart rate level among runners. Journal of Exercise Physiology and Performance, 1(2), 68-75.
Baggish, A. L., & Wood, M. J. (2011). Athlete’s heart and cardiovascular care of the athlete.
Baggish, A. L., Battle, R. W., Beaver, T. A., Border, W. L., Douglas,
Recommendations on the use of multimodality cardiovascular imaging in young adult competitive athletes: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 33(5), 523–549.
Baggish, A. L., Wang, F., Weiner, R. B., Elinoff, J. M., Tournoux, F., Boland, A., … Picard, M. H. (2008). The impact of endurance exercise training on left ventricular systolic mechanics.
Baker, H. (2023). Effects of strength training on left ventricular adaptations. Journal of Sports Medicine, 65(2), 123-130.
Baptista, A., Proschan, M. A., Granata, M., Spataro, A., Bellone, P., Caselli, G., Biffi, A., & Vecchio, C. (2014). Morphology of the athlete’s heart assessed by echocardiography in 947 elite athletes representing 27 sports. American Journal of Cardiology, 74, 802806.
Barauna, V. G., Rosa, K. T., Irigoyen, M. C., de Oliveira, E. M., & Krieger, J. E. (2007). Effects of resistance training on ventricular myocyte size and left ventricular function. Hypertension, 50(6), 1249-1254.
Baraúna, V. G., Rosa, K. T., Irigoyen, M. C., de Oliveira, E. M., & Krieger, J. E. (2007). Effects of resistance training on ventricular function and hypertrophy in a rat model. Clinical Medicine & Research, 5(2), 114–120.
Barbieri, A., et al. (2024). Cardiorespiratory and metabolic consequences of detraining: A systematic review.
Bergouignan, A., et al. (2011). Physical inactivity as the culprit of metabolic inflexibility.
Blazek, D., Aagaard, P., & Hlavaty, P. (2019). Systematic review of intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures during lifting tasks and resistance exercise. Sports Medicine – Open.
Bosquet, L., et al. (2013). Effect of training cessation on muscular performance: A meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(3), e140–e149.
Chen, S. Y., Chang, W. H., & Lai, C. H. (2006). Effect of 2-month detraining on body composition and insulin sensitivity in young female dancers. International Journal of Obesity, 30(1), 40-44.
Christensen, R. H., et al. (2019). Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiac adipose tissues: Secondary analyses from a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiology.
Corrado, D., & Zorzi, A. (2024). Declining risk of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Circulation, 149(2), 91–94.
Coyle, E. F., et al. (1986). Effects of detraining on cardiovascular responses to exercise.
D’Ascenzi, F., et al. (2020). Female athlete’s heart: Sex effects on electrical and structural remodeling. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging.
D'Andrea, A., Caso, P., Berardo, S., Limongelli, G., Gennaro, C., ... & Vecchio, C. (2003). Right ventricular myocardial adaptation to different training protocols in top-level athletes. Echocardiography, 20(4), 329-336.
D'Andrea, A., Limongelli, G., Caso, P., Sarubbi, B., Pietra, A. D., Brancaccio, P., ... & Vecchio, C. (2002). Association between left ventricular structure and cardiac performance during effort in two morphological forms of athlete’s heart. International Journal of Cardiology, 86(3), 177-184.
Davies, L. (2023). Long-term adaptations in female athletes: Effects of detraining on cardiac structure. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 89(5), 567-576.
Effron, M. B., Bove, A. A., & others. (1989). Effects of resistive training on left ventricular function. The American Journal of Cardiology.
Fagard, R. H. (2003). Athlete’s heart: A meta-analysis of the effects of intensive physical training on left ventricular mass. Sports Medicine, 33(9), 701-719.
Faigenbaum, A. D., Westcott, W. L., Micheli, L. J., Outerbridge, A. R., Long, C. J., LaRosa-Loud, R., & Zaichkowsky, L. D. (1996). The effect of strength training and detraining on children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 10(2), 109-114.
Fasihi, L., Agha-Alinejad, H., Gharakhanlou, R., & J Amaro Gahete, F. (2025). Comparison and Prediction of Breast Cancer Using Discriminant Analysis Algorithm in Active and Inactive Women.
Physical Treatments-Specific Physical Therapy Journal, 15(3), 00.
Fasihi, L., Siahkouhian, M., Jafarnezhadgero, A., & Fasihi, A. (2025). The effect of fatigue induced by running at heart rate deflection point in people with pronated versus healthy feet. Communications Medicine, 5(1), 471.
Fleck, S. J. (2003). Cardiovascular responses to strength training. In P. V. Komi (Ed.), Strength and power for sport (pp. 387). Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Gettman, L. R., & Pollock, M. L. (1981). Circuit weight training: Critical review of its physiological benefits. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 9(2), 45-57.
Haykowsky, M. J. F., et al. (2000). Effects of long term resistance training on left ventricular morphology.
Haykowsky, M. J., Dressendorfer, R., Taylor, D., Mandic, S., &
Humen, D. (2002). Resistance training and cardiac hypertrophy: Unravelling the training effect. Sports Medicine, 32(13), 837– 849.
Haykowsky, M. J., et al. (2018). Athlete’s heart: Is the Morganroth hypothesis obsolete?
Haykowsky, M. J., Teo, K. K., Quinney, A. H., Humen, D. P., & Taylor, D. A. (2000). Effects of long term resistance training on left ventricular morphology. The American Journal of Cardiology.
Hedman, K., et al. (2017). Left ventricular adaptation to 12 weeks of indoor cycling at the gym in untrained females. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(9), 653–658.
Houmard, J. A., Hortobágyi, T., & Johns, R. A. (1992). Effect of short-term training cessation on performance measures in distance runners. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 13(8), 572-576.
Howden, E. J., et al. (2018). Reversing the cardiac effects of sedentary aging in middle age—A randomized controlled trial: Implications for heart failure prevention. Circulation, 137(15), 1549–1560.
Iglesias Cubero, G., Batalla, A., Rodriguez, R., Barriales, R., Gonzalez, V., & de la Iglesia, J. L. (2000). Left ventricular mass index and sports: The influence of different sports activities and arterial blood pressure. International Journal of Cardiology, 261, 261-265.
Johnson, E. J., et al. (2015). Evidence for distinct effects of exercise in different cardiac compartments: Implications for training and cardiac remodeling. Frontiers in Physiology.
Johnson, P., & Thompson, A. (2023). Enzymatic and metabolic adaptations to endurance training: Implications for detraining. Sports Physiology Review, 48(3), 199-207.
Jones, D. (2023). Short-term detraining effects on muscle strength and endurance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(6), 145-152.
Kemi, O. J., Haram, P. M., Wisloff, U., & Ellingsen, O. (2004). Aerobic fitness is associated with cardiomyocyte contractile capacity and endothelial function in exercise training and detraining. Circulation, 109(23), 2897-2904.
Kraemer, W. J., Koziris, L. P., & Ratamess, N. A. (2002). Detraining produces minimal changes in physical performance and hormonal variables in recreationally strength-trained men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16(3), 373-382.
Kumar, S. (2023). Metabolic changes in athletes during periods of inactivity. Journal of Applied Physiology, 65(4), 221-228.
Lang, R. M., Badano, L. P., Mor-Avi, V., Afilalo, J., Armstrong, A., Ernande, L., et al. (2015). Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. European Heart Journal– Cardiovascular Imaging, 16(3), 233–271.
Lee, J. (2023). Designing resistance training programs for female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 56(4), 112-119.
MacDougall, J. D., Tuxen, D., Sale, D. G., Moroz, J. R., & Sutton, J. R. (1985). Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 58(3), 785–790.
Martin, D., & Jones, A. (2023). Resistance training for general preparation: How non-athletes can benefit. Journal of Strength Training, 12(2), 334-340.
Martinez, M. W., et al. (2021). Exercise-induced cardiovascular adaptations and approach to cardiovascular care of athletes.
Massarotto, R. J., et al. (2024). Effects of detraining on left ventricular mass in endurance-trained individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.
Massarotto, R. J., et al. (2024). Effects of detraining on left ventricular mass in endurance-trained individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 31(4), 415–424.
Mihl, C., Dassen, W. R. M., & Kuipers, H. (2008). Cardiac remodelling: Concentric versus eccentric hypertrophy in strength and endurance athletes. Netherlands Heart Journal.
Miller, T. A., Mullins, N. M., & Aragon, A. A. (2009). Resistance training and arterial function. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 8(2), 92-97.
Morganroth, J., Maron, B. J., Henry, W. L., & Epstein, S. E. (1975). Comparative left ventricular dimensions in trained athletes. Annals of Internal Medicine, 82(4), 521–524.
Morrison, A., et al. (2023). Effects of endurance exercise training on left ventricular structure in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 30(9), 772.
Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2000). Detraining: Loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I: Short term insufficient training stimulus.
Mujika, I., Padilla, S., Pyne, D., & Busso, T. (2000). Physiological changes associated with tapering in highly trained athletes. Sports Medicine, 30(2), 101-112.
Naylor, L. H., George, K., O’Driscoll, G., & Green, D. J. (2008). The athlete’s heart: A contemporary appraisal of the ‘Morganroth hypothesis’.
Palermi, S., et al. (2023). Athlete’s heart: A cardiovascular step-bystep multimodality imaging appraisal.
Paluch, A. E., et al. (2024). Resistance exercise training in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation.
Patel, N. (2023). Resistance training in women: Adaptations in cardiac health and performance. Journal of Women's Health and Fitness, 25(1), 67-75.
Pelliccia, A., Maron, B. J., De Luca, R., Di Paolo, F. M., Spataro, A., & Culasso, F. (2002). Remodeling of left ventricular hypertrophy in elite athletes after long-term deconditioning. Circulation, 105(8), 944–949.
Pelliccia, A., Maron, B. J., De Luca, R., Di Paolo, F. M., Spataro, A., & Culasso, F. (2002). Remodeling of left ventricular hypertrophy in elite athletes after long-term deconditioning.
Petek, B. J., et al. (2022). Cardiac effects of detraining in athletes: A narrative review. Current Problems in Cardiology.
Pluim, B. M., Zwinderman, A. H., van der Laarse, A., & van der Wall,
Rao, S. J., & Baggish, A. (2022). Exercise and the female heart.
Rossi, M. A. (1991). Cardiac hypertrophy due to pressure and volume overload. Journal of Hypertension. Santoro, A., et al. (2014). Endurance and strength athlete’s heart: Analysis of myocardial deformation by speckle tracking echocardiography.
Sipola, P., et al. (2009). Influence of 12 weeks of jogging on magnetic resonance-determined left ventricular characteristics in previously sedentary subjects free of cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Cardiology, 103(4), 567–571.
Smith, J., & Johnson, M. (2023). Adaptations in athletes' cardiovascular systems: A review. International Journal of Sports Science, 39(1), 56-62.
Smith, T., Davies, L., & Carter, P. (2024). Impact of detraining on cardiac function: A study on female athletes. Heart and Circulation, 31(1), 22-30.
Somauroo, J. D., Pyatt, J. R., Jackson, M., Perry, R. A., & Ramsdale, D. R. (2001). An echocardiographic assessment of cardiac morphology and common ECG findings in teenage professional soccer players. Heart, 85, 649-654.
Steding, K. (2010). Exercise physiology and cardiac function [Doctoral dissertation, University of Gothenburg]. Gothenburg University Press.
Swoboda, P. P., et al. (2019). Regression of left ventricular mass in athletes undergoing complete detraining is mediated by decrease in intracellular but not extracellular compartments. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging.
Swoboda, P. P., et al. (2019). Regression of left ventricular mass in athletes undergoing complete detraining is mediated by decrease in intracellular but not extracellular compartments.
Thompson, H., & Lee, P. (2023). The impact of detraining on cardiovascular health in athletes. Journal of Exercise Physiology, 27(3), 98-104.
Urhausen, A., Gabriel, H., & Kindermann, W. (1996). Impaired left ventricular function after prolonged endurance exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 73(3-4), 269-274.
Vasiliauskas, D., Venckūnas, T., Marcinkeviciene, J., & Bartkeviciene, A. (2006). Development of structural cardiac adaptation in basketball players. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, 13(6), 985-989.
Venckunas, T., et al. (2008). Echocardiographic parameters in athletes of different sports. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine.
Wasfy, M. M., & Weiner, R. B. (2016). Sudden cardiac death in athletes.
Williams, T. (2023). The role of continued practice in preserving athletic adaptations. European Journal of Sports Science, 52(5), 333-340.
Wilson, P., & Carter, J. (2023). Resistance training and detraining: Effects on cardiac structure. Journal of Sports Science, 89(2), 211-219. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 79 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 73 |
||