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Winter training season endurance runners and cellular signaling knowledge (immune system): letter to Editor | ||
| New Approaches in Exercise Physiology | ||
| دوره 6، شماره 12، اسفند 2024 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Letter to Editor | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/nass.2025.89881.1199 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| shahin beyranvand* | ||
| دانشجو | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The physiological adjustments made by the human body to maintain central core temperature during an external factor such as cold indicate that cold is triggered by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal pituitary hypothalamus axis (HPA). These settings include chills and increased peripheral vascular contraction. In the same context vasoconstriction helps maintain body temperature by limiting blood flow to the skin, . This reduces the temperature of the skin, thereby reducing the thermal gradient between the skin and the environment. This contraction also restricts blood flow to the underlying muscles and returns the blood back to the central nucleus, which leads to increased stroke and cardiac extracorporeal volume and increased metabolic thermogenesis (Muza et al,1988). Increased blood volume inside the chest also causes divers and blood pressure. This last effect may partly point to an increase in the incidence of mycocardial infarction during the cold winter months. In addition, by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus axis of the adrenal pituitary, the concentrations of the hormones catocalamines and cortisol and aldestrone also change in the body (Radomski et al,1982). Studies conducted in the cell and molecular sector showed that the cold environment can damage physical barriers to infection, such as increased mucus viscosity and decreased mesogenic function of the upper respiratory tract. In addition, the effects of increased hormones such as corticoids and catacolamines can cause leukocytosis and reduce the expression of adhesive molecules on inflammatory cells and reduce the stimulation | ||
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