| In recent decades, the expansion of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the growth of data volume have transformed data, information, and knowledge management into one of the main pillars of smart business development. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of data, information, and knowledge management on the technological innovation index, with an emphasis on human and financial development, in 15 developing countries. Secondary data for the period 2000 to 2023 were collected from international databases and analyzed using the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (P-ARDL) model. The results indicate that the improvement of data and information management, both in the short and long term, has a positive and significant effect on the technological innovation index. Furthermore, human development and financial development strengthen the relationship between data management and innovation, and countries equipped with stronger human and financial capital benefit the most from data and knowledge management. Based on the findings, it is suggested that policymakers and managers of smart businesses facilitate the enhancement of innovation and productivity by simultaneously investing in data-driven infrastructures and upgrading human and financial capital. |
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