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Effects of Exercise on the Microvascular Response, Endothelial Health, and NO Bioavailability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Evidence | ||
| New Approaches in Exercise Physiology | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 9، شماره 17، شهریور 2027، صفحه 5-58 اصل مقاله (980.02 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Review Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/nass.2026.93581.1241 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Ameer F ahem Hassan Al-Shaeef1؛ Reza Farzizadeh* 2؛ Farnaz Seifi-askishahr1 | ||
| 1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Purpose: Mechanistic evidence from animal models is essential for understanding exercise-induced vascular adaptations, yet the translatability of these findings to clinical settings remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the effects of exercise training on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in animal models. Method: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (January 2000–September 2025) was done. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251144669). A random-effects model (REML) was used for meta-analysis, and SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool assessed study quality. Results: Exercise training significantly increased eNOS levels (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.55–1.44, p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant effects were observed for NO (SMD = −1.26, 95% CI: −2.89–0.37, p = 0.13). Subgroup analyses showed that longer exercise duration (≥5 weeks; SMD = 2.25, p < 0.001) and specific modalities such as treadmill running (SMD = 1.92) and swimming (SMD = 4.59) were associated with substantially greater eNOS upregulation. Considerable heterogeneity was observed across most outcomes (I² > 85%). Conclusion: Exercise training effectively upregulates eNOS expression in animal models, particularly with interventions lasting five weeks or longer and with structured modalities like treadmill and swimming. However, the absence of significant effects on NO level, despite increased eNOS, reveals a translational gap that warrants further mechanistic investigation. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Exercise training؛ Endothelial nitric oxide synthase؛ Nitric oxide bioavailability؛ Systematic review؛ Animal models | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 57 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 12 |
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