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تبیین ساختاری علل فروپاشی دولت پهلوی | ||
| دولت پژوهی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 1، شماره 3، آذر 1394، صفحه 209-243 اصل مقاله (608.24 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/tssq.2016.2459 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی مرشدی زاد* 1؛ صالح زمانی2 | ||
| 1دانشیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شاهد | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترای جامعه شناسی سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد بروکسل | ||
| چکیده | ||
| وقوع انقلاب اسلامی نظریات مسلط جامعه شناسی سیاسی در حوزه مطالعات انقلاب و رابطه دولت و جامعه را به طور نسبی تحت تاثیر خود قرار داد. مهمترین سوالها پیرامون این حادثه سیاسی در تاریخ معاصر ایران مربوط به «چرایی و چگونگی» وقوع آن است. هدف اصلی در این مقاله پاسخ به «چرایی» ساختاری فروپاشی رژیم پهلوی دوم است. در پاسخ به این «چرایی» به سه علت/ فرضیه ساختاری و مکانیسمهای علّی آن اشاره خواهد شد که نشان میدهند رژیم سابق از طریق چه مکانیسم هایی دچار آسیبپذیری شد. فرضیه اول معطوف به ماهیت دولت سلطانی در دوران رژیم پهلوی دوم است که آن را به عنوان یکی از علل تاثیرگذار در فروپاشی رژیم مدّ نظر دارد. فرضیه دوم در صدد است تا ماهیت رانتی رژیم شاه و سازوکارهای منتج از این ماهیت را به عنوان دومین علّت آسیبپذیری دولت مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. فرضیه سوم فشارهای خارجی (ایالات متحده) به منظور استقرار دولتی دست نشانده و وابسته در منطقه را به عنوان سومین علّت آسیبپذیری معرفی میکند. ترکیب این سه پاسخ به مساله آسیبپذیری ساختاری رژیم پهلوی، مدلی نسبتاً جامع ارائه میدهد که از طریق آن میتوان بخشی از ناکارآمدی دولت در عصر پهلوی دوم را تبیین کرد. این مقاله با روشی کیفی و تاریخی و با حمایت دادههای کتابخانهای نشان میدهد که وجه ساختاری وقوع انقلاب اسلامی ایران محصول ترکیب ماهیت سلطانی، رانتی و وابسته رژیم پهلوی بوده است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آسیبپذیری سیاسی؛ دولت سلطانی؛ دولت رانتیر؛ دستنشاندگی سیاسی | ||
| مراجع | ||
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