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پاکسازی قومی مسلمانان میانمار؛ جنایت علیه بشریت یا نسل کشی؟ | ||
| فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق کیفری | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 4، شماره 15، شهریور 1395، صفحه 45-73 اصل مقاله (293.18 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/jclr.2016.4435 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا روستائی* 1؛ علیرضا آرش پور2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای حقوق بین الملل عمومی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان(اصفهان) | ||
| 2استادیار گروه حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه اصفهان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| از چندین دهه پیش تا کنون، اقلیت قومی روهینگیا در ایالت آراکان شمالی کشور میانمار از نقض شدید حقوق بشر رنج می برند. صدها هزار نفر از آنان به کشور بنگلادش فرار کرده اند و در آنجا در شرایط سختی سکونت دارند. این مقاله نشان می دهد که هدف از چنین اقداماتی پاکسازی قومی مسلمانان از ایالت آراکان می باشد. پاکسازی قومی به معنی یکنواخت سازی قومی یک منطقه از طریق انتقال اجباری و سازمان یافته افراد متعلق به گروه قربانی از آن منطقه می باشد.طبق حقوق بین الملل کیفری،مفهوم پاکسازی قومی از یک طرف با جنایات علیه بشریت (تبعید و انتقال اجباری) و از طرف دیگر با نسل کشی مرتبط است. شواهد موجود در خصوص کشتار و خشونت علیه مسلمانان روهینگیا در ایالت آراکان اثبات می نماید که این پاکسازی قومی بیش از صرف انتقال اجباری مسلمانان از سرزمین شان بوده و بخشی از اقدامات عمدی جهت نابودسازی و ارتکاب نسل کشی علیه آنان می باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اقلیت قومی روهینگیا؛ انتقال اجباری؛ تبعید؛ حقوق بین الملل کیفری | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
یارﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ نآ عﺎﺟرا هﻮﺤﻧ و رﺎﻤﻧﺎﯿﻣ رد ﺮﺸﺑ قﻮﻘﺣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو» .(1387) ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﺪﯿﻣا -
.91-104 ،(2) ،ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟاﻦﯿﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ .«ﺖﯿﻨﻣا
،ناﺮﻬﺗ .ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﻠﻤﻟاﻦﯿﺑ قﻮﻘﺣ مﺎﻈﻧ رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽﺸﮐﻞﺴﻧ .(1395) ﺎﺿﺮﯿﻠﻋ ،ﯽﺋﺎﺘﺳور -
.ﻞﮕﻨﺟ تارﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﻪﻨﯾدﺎﻬﻧ ﯽﺘﺳﺮﭘداﮋﻧ و ﯽﺸﮐﻞﺴﻧ :رﺎﻤﻧﺎﯿﻣ رد ﯽﯾادﻮﺑ ﻢﺴﯿﻟﺎﻧﻮﯿﺳﺎﻧ» .(1392) ﮓﻧوﺎﻣ ،ﯽﻧرز -
.125-132 ،(119 و 118) ،بﺮﻏ ﺖﺣﺎﯿﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ ،یﺮﻫﺎﻃ داﻮﺟ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ .«ﺎﯿﮕﻨﯿﻫور نﺎﻧﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ ﻪﯿﻠﻋ
.ﻢﻠﻋ رﻮﻧ تارﺎﺸﺘﻧا ،ناﺪﻤﻫ .ﻞﻠﻤﻟاﻦﯿﺑ قﻮﻘﺣ رد ﺎﻫﺖﯿﻠﻗا زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ .(1385) رﺎﺘﺳ ،یﺰﯾﺰﻋ -
نﺎﺒﮑﺗﺮﻣ تازﺎﺠﻣ ﻮﺗﺮﭘ رد ﺎﻫﺖﯿﻠﻗا ﺖﯾدﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻖﺣ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ» .(1386) رﺎﺘﺳ ،یﺰﯾﺰﻋ -
ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ مﻮﻠﻋ و قﻮﻘﺣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،قﻮﻘﺣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ .«ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟاﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻗ یﻪﯾور رد ﺪﯿﺳﻮﻧژ
.160-125 ،(4) ،37 هرود ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
رد ﺖﯿﻨﻣا یارﻮﺷ یاﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﻮﻣزآ ،رﺎﻤﻧﺎﯿﻣ ناﺮﺤﺑ» .(1392) ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻣ ،یرﺪﻨﻠﻗ ؛ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ،رﻮﭘ ﺢﺘﻓ -
.157-183 ،(23) ،ﯽﻗﻮﻘﺣ یﺎﻫﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ .«ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟاﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﻢﻈﻧ بﻮﭼرﺎﻬﭼ
نﺎﻧﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ،ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ یرﺬﮔ» .(1391) ﺎﺿﺮﻣﻼﻏ ،هراوز ﯽﻠﮔ -
.803-813 ،(11) ،52 لﺎﺳ ،مﻼﺳا ﺐﺘﮑﻣ زا ﯽﯾﺎﻬﺳرد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ .«(4)(ﻪﻣﺮﺑ) رﺎﻤﻧﺎﯿﻣ
.50-53 ،(128) .«رﺎﻤﻧﺎﯿﻣ رد نﺎﻧﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ» .(1394) ﺮﺘﺴﮔنﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ -
کﺎﭘ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻮﮕﺘﻔﮔ ،رﺎﻤﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺖﻟود ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻧﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ رﺎﺘﺸﮐ» .(1391) هﺮﺠﻨﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪﺘﻔﻫ -
.44-45 ،(143) ،4 لﺎﺳ .«ﺖﺳا نﺎﯾﺮﺟ رد ﻪﮐ یاﻪﻌﺟﺎﻓ و رﺎﻤﻧﺎﯿﻣ هرﺎﺑرد ﻦﯿﯾآ
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