Allameh Tabataba'i University

 News

Shiri, A. (2022). Uncertainty of the perpetrator in killing and bodily harm. , 11(40), 9-44. doi: 10.22054/jclr.2023.66939.2464
Abbas Shiri. "Uncertainty of the perpetrator in killing and bodily harm". , 11, 40, 2022, 9-44. doi: 10.22054/jclr.2023.66939.2464
Shiri, A. (2022). 'Uncertainty of the perpetrator in killing and bodily harm', , 11(40), pp. 9-44. doi: 10.22054/jclr.2023.66939.2464
Shiri, A. Uncertainty of the perpetrator in killing and bodily harm. , 2022; 11(40): 9-44. doi: 10.22054/jclr.2023.66939.2464

Uncertainty of the perpetrator in killing and bodily harm

فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق کیفری
Article 1, Volume 11, Issue 40, September 2022, Pages 9-44    PDF (656.03 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.22054/jclr.2023.66939.2464
Author
Abbas Shiri
Assistant Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Diagnosis of perpetrators of killing and bodily harm is a complex mystery in terms of science, law and jurisprudence. It is possible to identify the perpetrator through known reasons for proving a crime, such as confession, testimony, evidence, and suspicion of a crime or oath. However, conflicting reasons may make it difficult or impossible to identify and determine the perpetrator. If it is not possible to identify and determine the perpetrator due to the conflict of reasons for proving the crime or the hesitation of the perpetrator between certain or indefinite persons, it will be difficult to reach the truth.
There are four different theories in law and jurisprudence based on jurisprudential and narrative sources; The rule of lottery, the theory of fall of retaliation and payment of blood money from the treasury, the theory of equality of responsibility and the theory of criminal joint liability. Each of the views has its advantages and disadvantages, so it is not possible to accept a single theory in this regard.
This research, with the method of library study, seeks to propose different points of view and provide solutions to explain the issue of the uncertainty of the perpetrator and the conditions arising from it in two situations of the possibility or impossibility of detection.
Keywords
equality of responsibility; lottery rule; Qisas
References
  • Bazgir, Yadullah, (1376), Islamic Penal Code in the Mirror of Supreme Court Opinions, Intentional Murder, First Edition, Qaqnoos Publications, Tehran.
  • Bathaei, Seyed Hashem (1380), the place of lot (Qadee Qara) in jurisprudence, contained in the magazine of Qom Higher Education Complex, third year, number nine, spring and summer, pages 67 to 80.
  • Scientific description and celebration of judicial opinions, criminal matters (1), intentional homicide (1387), Deputy of Judiciary Training, first edition.
  • Hosni, Najib (1391): The relationship of causality in criminal law, translated by Dr. Seyed Ali Abbas Niay Zare, third edition, Astan Quds Razavi Publishing House, Mashhad.
  • Urgent vote number 11, dated 7/11/1391.
  • Urgent vote number 18, dated 11/28/1382.
  • Urgent vote number 2, dated 2/25/1375.
  • Urgent vote No. 37, dated 9/6/1397.
  • Unanimity vote number 717, dated 2/6/1390.
  • Unanimity vote number 790, dated 10/4/2019.
  • Unanimity vote number 799, dated 7/15/2019.
  • Rahmdel, Mansour (2007), murder and bodily harm in conflict, published in the Journal of Legal Research, number 14, second semester, pages 49-69.
  • zeraat , Abbas (2009), Qadee Qara, included in Law Quarterly, Tehran University School of Law and Political Science Journal, pages 91 to 107, volume 40, number 101.
  • Shekari, Roshan Ali (1373), a discussion about Article 315 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1370, contained in the Law Journal, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, 33rd session, pages 35-42.
  • Shahri, Gholamreza/Sotoudeh Jahormi, Soroush (1373), the ideas of the legal administration of the judiciary, in the field of criminal issues, from 1358 to 1371, first volume, the official newspaper of the country.
  • Shiri, Abbas (1400), the responsibility of crime partners in compensating the losses caused by the crime, contained in the specialized assembly of the Supreme Court, no.1.
  • Shiri, Abbas (1400) :Causality textbook, Master's course of Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, first semester, academic year .
  • Samadi Ahri, Mohammad Hashim (2015), judicial theories of the Attorney General's Office in the implementation of Articles 18 and 31 of the Law on the Formation of Public Courts and Revolution - Criminal Judgments, Volume 1, Ganj Danesh Publications.
  • Alishahi Qarajoqi, Abolfazl/Ahmadi, Tayyaba , (2017), the foundations of the rule of "the irrefutability of honorable blood" with an approach to the Islamic Penal Code of 2012, contained in the publication: Fundamentals of Islamic Jurisprudence, Year 11, Number 21, Spring and Summer, pages 131-159.
  • Katouzian, Nasser, (2015), Obligations outside the contract, second volume, 14th edition, Tehran University Press.
  • Khalilabad police station, Abbas/Soleimani Pai Taq, Saeeda (2014), civil responsibility for general cause with an approach to the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2014, contained in: Jurisprudential Research, Volume 11, Number 2, Summer, Pages 413-442, Farabi Campus of Tehran University .
  • Moezenzadegan, Hassan Ali (2008), examination of the crime of bodily injury during conflict, contained in Law and Politics Quarterly, pages 23 to 44, Autumn, number one.
  • Mohammadi, Abolhasan (2019): Rules of Jurisprudence, 16th edition, Mizan publication.
  • Deliberations and opinions of the General Board of the Supreme Court (1375), first edition, official newspaper.
  • Deliberations and decisions of the General Board of the Supreme Court, (1391), volume 18, first edition, published in the official newspaper.
  • Commentary on the deliberations and opinions of the General Board of the Supreme Court, (2017), Volume 24 / Part II, First Edition, official newspaper.
  • Commentary on the deliberations of the General Board of the Supreme Court (1382), volume 9, first edition, Tehran.
  • Mir Hosseini, Seyyed Hassan (2007): expulsion of Punishment , second edition, Mizan Publishing House.
  • Yazdanian, Alireza (1400), General Rules of Civil Liability, Volume I, Second Edition, Tehran, Mizan Publications.
  • Yazdian Jafari, Jafar (1385): The unknown perpetrator of the damage in the conflict and how to compensate the victim, contained in the publication: Jurisprudence and Law, second year, spring, pages 149 to 166.
  • ابن ادریس الحلی، ابی جعفر بن منصور بن احمد (1417 هـ.ق)، السرائر، جلد سوم، چاپ دوم، مؤسسة نشر اسلامی، قم.
  • ابن زهره الحلبی، سید حمزة بن علی (1417 هـ.ق): غنیة النزوع الی علمی الاصول و الفروع، تحقیق: ابراهیم بهادری، مؤسسه امام صادق (ع)، چاپ اعتماد، قم.
  • حرالعاملی، محمد بن ‌الحسن (1414 هـ.ق): وسائل‌الشیعة (دورة سی جلدی)، جلد 29، چاپ دوم، مؤسسه آل‌البیت (ع) لاحیاءالتراث، بیروت.
  • خویی، سیدابوالقاسم: مبانی تکملة المنهاج (1396 هـ.ق)، دو مجلد، چاپ سوم، چاپ علمیّه، قم.
  • زین‌الدین بن علی، عاملی جبعی (معروف به شهید ثانی) (1398 هـ.ق)، الروضة البهیة فی شرح المعة الدمشقیة، جلد دهم، چاپ دوم، منشورات جامعه النجف الدنییة.
  • الصدوق، محمد بن علی بن الحسین ابن بابویه، (1363 هـ.ش)، من لایحضره الفقیه، جلد چهارم، چاپ دوم، انتشارات جامع مدرسین حوزه علمیه قم.
  • طوسی، ابن جعفر محمد بن الحسن (بی‌تا): النهایه فی مجرد الفقه و الفتاوی، انتشارات قدس.
  • طوسی، ابی جعفر محمد بن الحسن (1365): تهذیب الاحکام، جلد دهم، چاپ چهارم، دارالکتب الاسلامیة، تهران.
  • طوسی، ابی جعفر محمد بن الحسن (بی‌تا): المبسوط فی الفقه الامامیة، تصحیح: محمدباقر بهبودی، انتشارات مکتب مرتضوی، قم.
  • کلینی، محمد بن یعقوب (1367): الفروع من‌الکافی، تصحیح و تعلیق: علی اکبر غفاری، جلد هفتم، چاپ سوم، دار الکتب الاسلامیه، تهران.
  • نجفی، محمدحسن (1367 هـ.ق)، جواهر الکلام فی شرح شرائع الاسلام، جلد 42، چاپ سوم، تصحیح: محمود قوچانی، دارالکتب الاسلامیّة.
Statistics
Article View: 1,206
PDF Download: 986


login