Mediating Role of early maladaptive schemas in relation of attachment styles and depression in students | ||
| فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی | ||
| Article 5, Volume 7, Issue 25, June 2016, Pages 91-110 PDF (591.38 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22054/qccpc.2016.5889 | ||
| Authors | ||
| faramarz sohrabi; afsaneh darabi; nahid rastgoo; yosof azami | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The goal of this study was to describe the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relation of attachment styles and depression. The sample group in this study included 300 students from Amir Kabir and Allameh Tbatbaii university in 2012-2013 year. Data were gathered through the application of three scales: Beck depression scale, Young Schema questionnaire short form (SQ - SF) and adult attachment style (AAI). The results of the path analysis test showed the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relation of attachment styles and depression. This analysis illustrated that secure and insecure attachment styles, both in a direct and indirect way, had a significant role in depression. The rate of the direct effect of secure attachment style on depression was -0/17 (p value <0/05) and the rate of the indirect variable through early maladaptive schemas was -0/46 (p value <0/05). Also, the rate of the direct effect of ambivalent and avoidant insecure attachment style on depression was 0/14 و 0/06 (p value <0/05) and rate of the indirect effect of these two variables through early maladaptive schemas was 0/104 و 0/14 (p value<0/05). Therefore the findings of this study showed that attachment styles through early maladaptive schemas make depression. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| early maladaptive schemas; Depression; attachment styles | ||
| References | ||
|
آهی، قاسم (1384). هنجاریابی فرم کوتاه پرسش‌نامه طرحواره یانگ (SQ-SF) بین دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های تهران. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی. برک، لورا (2007). روان شناسی رشد از لقاح تا کودکی. ترجمه یحیی سید محمدی (1391)، تهران: ارسباران. بشارت، محمد علی (1384). هنجاریابی مقیاس دلبستگی بزرگسالان. گزارش طرح پژوهشی، دانشگاه تهران. جانسون، سوزان ام و ویفن، والری ای (2003). فرآیندهای دلبستگی در زوج درمانی و خانواده درمانی. ترجمه فاطمه بهرامی و همکاران (1388)، تهران: انتشارات دانژه. روزنهان، دیوید. ال و سلیگمن، مارتین ای (1995). روانشناسی نابهنجاری: آسیب شناسی روانی(جلد دوم). ترجمه یحیی سید محمدی (1390)، تهران: انتشارات ارسباران. سلگی، زهرا ، هاشمیان، کیانوش و سعیدی پور، بهمن (1386). بررسی تاثیر شناخت درمانی گروهی در کاهش افسردگی بیماران مرد HIV مثبت. فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی، 3(4)؛ 105-122. قاسم‌زاده، حبیب اله. (1387) شناخت عاطفه، جنبه‌های بالینی و اجتماعی. تهران: فرهنگان. قربانی، نیما (1389). روان‌درمانگری پویشی فشرده و کوتاه‌مدت، مبادی وفنون. تهران: سمت. لیهی، رابرت (2003). تکنیک‌های شناخت‌درمانی راهنمای کاربردی برای متخصصان بالینی. ترجمه حسن حمیدپور و زهرا اندوز (1391). تهران: ارجمند. مارنات، گری گراث (2003). راهنمای سنجش روانی. ترجمه حسنپاشا شریفی و محمدرضا نیک‌خو (1390)، تهران: سخن. هاوتون، کیت و سالکووسکیس، کرک (1998). رفتاردرمانی شناختی راهنمای کاربردی در درمان اختلال‌های روانی. ترجمه حبیب اله قاسم زاده (1390)، تهران: ارجمند. یارمحمدی واصل، مسیب (1386). بررسی اثربخشی طرحواره درمانی بر بهبود اختلال افسردگی اساسی عودکنننده. پایان‌نامه دکتری روانشناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی. یانگ، جفری، کلاسکو، ژانت و ویشار، مارجوری (1950). طرحواره درمانی راهنمایی برای متخصصین بالینی. ترجمه حسن حمیدپور و زهرا اندوز (1391)، تهران: ارجمند. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The distinction in social research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51.
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: The New American Library.
Beck, A. T., & Alford, B. A. (2009). Depression: Causes and treatment. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Beck, A. T. (1964). Thinking and depression: II. Theory and therapy. Archives of general psychiatry, 10(6), 561-571.
Brennan, K. A., & Morns, K. A. (1997). Attachment styles, self-esteem, and patterns of seeking feedback from romantic partners. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(1), 23-31.
Bosmans, G., Braet, C., & Van Vlierberghe, L. (2010). Attachment and symptoms of psychopathology: early maladaptive schemas as a cognitive link?. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 17(5), 374-385.
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (vol. 1).
Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2010). Parent–child attachment and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A review of empirical findings and future directions. Development and psychopathology, 22(01), 177-203.
Carnelley, K. B., Pietromonaco, P. R., & Jaffe, K. (1994). Depression, working models of others, and relationship functioning. Journal of personality and social psychology, 66(1), 127.
Cecero, J. J., & Young, J. E. (2001). Case of Silvia: A schema-focused approach. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 11(2), 217-229.
Colonnesi, C., Draijer, E. M., Jan JM Stams, G., Van der Bruggen, C. O., Bögels, S. M., & Noom, M. J. (2011). The relation between insecure attachment and child anxiety: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(4), 630-645.
Coyne, J. C., Kahn, J., Gotlib, I. H., & Depression, T. J. (1987). Family interaction and psychotherapy.
Craske, M. G., & Zoellner, L. A. (1995). Anxiety disorders: The role of marital therapy.
Csukly, G., Telek, R., Filipovits, D., Takács, B., Unoka, Z., & Simon, L. (2011). What is the relationship between the recognition of emotions and core beliefs: Associations between the recognition of emotions in facial expressions and the maladaptive schemas in depressed patients. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 42(1), 129-137.
Dozier, M., Stovall-McClough, K. C., & Albus, K. E. (2008). Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood.
Evans, J., Heron, J., Lewis, G., Araya, R., & Wolke, D. (2005). Negative self-schemas and the onset of depression in women: longitudinal study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 186(4), 302-307.
Fearon, R. P., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A. M., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behavior: A Meta‐analytic study. Child development, 81(2), 435-456.
Halvorsen, M., Wang, C. E., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2010). Dysfunctional attitudes and early maladaptive schemas as predictors of depression: a 9-year follow-up study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(4), 368-379.
Halvorsen, M., Wang, C. E., Richter, J., Myrland, I., Pedersen, S. K., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas, temperament and character traits in clinically depressed and previously depressed subjects. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 16(5), 394-407.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(3), 511.
Ingram, R. E., Trenary, L., Odom, M., Berry, L., & Nelson, T. (2007). Cognitive, affective and social mechanisms in depression risk: Cognition, hostility, and coping style. Cognition and emotion, 21(1), 78-94.
Lobbestael, J., Van Vreeswijk, M. F., & Arntz, A. (2008). An empirical test of schema mode conceptualizations in personality disorders. Behaviour research and Therapy, 46(7), 854-860.
Lumley, M. N., & Harkness, K. L. (2007). Specificity in the relations among childhood adversity, early maladaptive schemas, and symptom profiles in adolescent depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(5), 639-657.
Martin, R., & Young, J. (2010). Schema therapy. Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies, 317-346.
Muris, P. (2006). Maladaptive schemas in non‐clinical adolescents: Relations to perceived parental rearing behaviours, big five personality factors and psychopathological symptoms. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13(6), 405-413.
Platts, H., Tyson, M., & Mason, O. (2002). Adult attachment style and core beliefs: are they linked?. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 9(5), 332-348.
Platts, H., Tyson, M., & Mason, O. (2002). Early attachment and adult psychopathology: a review. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9, 330-348.
Robinson, M. D., Watkins, E. R., & Harmon-Jones, E. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of cognition and emotion. Guilford Press.
Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D. P., & Young, J. (2011). Schema therapy: The CBT distinctive features Series. London and New York: Routledge.
Rayner, J. S. (2008). The relationship between patterns of relating and early maladaptive schemas. ProQuest. Presented for the doctor of philosophy degree the university of Mississippi.
Renner, F., Lobbestael, J., Peeters, F., Arntz, A., & Huibers, M. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas in depressed patients: Stability and relation with depressive symptoms over the course of treatment. Journal of affective disorders, 136(3), 581-590.
Roelofs, J., Meesters, C., & Muris, P. (2008). Correlates of self-reported attachment (in) security in children: The role of parental romantic attachment status and rearing behaviors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17(4), 555-566.
Roelofs, J., Onckels, L., & Muris, P. (2013). Attachment quality and psychopathological symptoms in clinically referred adolescents: the mediating role of early maladaptive schema. Journal of child and family studies, 22(3), 377-385.
Simard, V., Moss, E., & Pascuzzo, K. (2011). Early maladaptive schemas and child and adult attachment: A 15‐year longitudinal study. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(4), 349-366.
Schmidt, N. B., Joiner Jr, T. E., Young, J. E., & Telch, M. J. (1995). The schema questionnaire: Investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of maladaptive schemas. Cognitive therapy and research, 19(3), 295-321.
Young, J. E., Weinberger, A. D., Beck, E. T., & Barlow, D. H. (2001). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. Guilford Press.
Young, J. E. (1994). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (rev. Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange.
Young, E. J., & Brown, G. (1990). Young Schema Questionnaire, Short Form (YSQ-SF). Schema Therapy Institute.
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 2,652 PDF Download: 3,719 |
||