Ahmed, M., Khan, A. M., Bibi, S. & Zakaria, M. (2017). Convergence of per capita CO2 emissions across the globe: Insights via wavelet analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75, 86-97. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.053
Aldy, J. E. (2006). Per capita carbon dioxide emissions: Convergence or divergence? Environmental and Resource Economics, 33(4), 533-555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-005-6160-x
Arnas,N. (2009). Fighting Chance Global Trends and Shocks in the National Security Environment National Defense UN. Washington, D.C:Potomac Books.
Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Chang, T. & Wu, T. (2014). Revisiting purchasing power parity in African countries: Panel stationary test with sharp and smooth breaks. Applied Financial Economics, 24(22), 1429-1438. DOI:10.1080/09603107.2014.925068
Bai, J. & Perron, P. (1998). Estimating and Testing Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes. Econometrica, 66, 47-78. https://doi.org/10.2307/2998540
Becker,R., Enders, W. & Lee, J.(2004). A General Test for Time Dependence in Parameters. Journal of Applied Econometrics,19, 899-906. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.751
Becker, R., Enders, W. & Lee, J. (2006). A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 27(3), 381–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.2006.00478.x
Belbute, J. M. & Pereira, A. M. (2017). Do global CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel consumption exhibit long memory? A fractional-integration analysis. Applied Economics, 49(40), 4055-4070. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00036846.2016.1273508
Carrion-i-Silvestre, JL., Sanso, A. & Artís, M. (2001): Cointregration and Structural Breaks. Working paper. Department of Econometrics, Statistics and Spanish Economy. University of Barcelona.
Carrion-i-Silvestre, JL., Del Bario-Castro, T. & Lopez-Bazo, E. (2005). Breaking the Panels: An Application to the GDP per Capita. Econometrics Journal,8,159-175. DOI:10.1111/j.1368-423X.2005.00158.x
Choudhary, M.P. & Chauhan, G.S. (2015). Environmental Degradation: Causes, Impacts and Mitigation. Conference Paper. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279201881
Christidou, M., Panagiotidis, T. & Sharma, A. (2013). On the stationarity of per capita carbon dioxide emissions over a century, Econ. Modell, 33, 918-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.05.024
Colburn, K., Gerhard, J., Moskovitz, D. & Schultz, R. (2013). Integrating Energy and Environmental Policy. Retrieved from http://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/rap-colburngerhard integratingenergyenvironmentalpolicy-2012-dec-31.pdf
Conservation Energy Future (CEF). (2016). What is environmental degradation? Retreived from https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-ofenvironmental-degradation.php
Desmond McCarthy,F. & Dhareshwar,A.(1992). Economic Shocks and the Global Environment. Washington, D.C, United States: International Economic analysis and Prospects. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/893921468758154823/Economic-shocks-and-the-global-environment
Enders, w., Lee,J. (2012a). A Unit Root Test Using a Fourier Series to Approximate Smooth Breaks.Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat,74(4),574-599. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00662.x
Enders, W. & Lee, J. (2012b). The flexible Fourier form and Dickey-Fuller type unit root tests. Econ. Lett ,117 (1), 196–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.04.081
Gallant, A. R. (1981). On the bias in flexible functional forms and an essentially unbiased form: the flexible Fourier form, Journal of Econometrics, 15(2), 211–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(81) 90115-9
Galton, F. (1886). Regression Towards Mediocrity in Hereditary Stature. The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 15, 246–263. doi:10.2307/2841583JSTOR2841583
Gil-Alana, L., Cunado, J. & Gupta, R. (2015). Persistence, mean-reversion, and nonlinearities in CO2 emissions: The cases of China, India, UK and US. University of Pretoria Department of Economics Working Paper Series, 28. http://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/61/WP/wp_2015_28. zp54593.pdf
Glynn, J., Nelson, P.& Reetu, V.(2007). Unit root Tests and Structural Breaks: A Survey with Applications. REVISTA DE METODOS CUANTITATIVOS PARA LA ECONOMIA Y LA EMPRESA,3, 63-79.
Hadri, K.(2000). Testing for Stationary in Heterogeneous Panel Data. Econometrics Journal,3, 148-161. https://doi.org/10.1111/1368-423X.00043
Hansen, B.E. (2001). The New Econometrics of Structural Changes: Dating Breaks in U.S. Labor Productivity. Journal of Economic Perspectives,15(4),117-128. DOI:10.1257/jep.15.4.117
Heil, M. T. & Selden, T. M. (1999). Panel stationarity with structural breaks: Carbon emissions and GDP. Applied Economics Letters, 6(4), 223-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/135048599353384
Hertwich, E.G., Gibon, T., Bouman, E.A., Arvesen, A., Suh, S., Heath, G.A., Bergesen, G.D., Ramirez, A., Vega, M.I. & Shi, L. (2015). Integrated life-cycle assessment of electricity-supply scenarios confirms global environmental benefit of low-carbon technologies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 112(20), 6277-6282. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312753111
Kapetanios, G., Shin, Y., & Snell, A. (2003). Testing for a unit root in the nonlinear STAR framework. Journal of Econometrics, 112(2), 359-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(02)00202-6
Kohl, W.L. (2004). National Security and Energy. Encyclopedia of Energy. 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-176480-X/00494-0
Kulesa, A., Krzywinski, M., Blainey, P. & Altman, N. (2013). Sampling distributions and the bootstrap. Nature Methods, 12, 477-478. https://doi. org/10.1038/nmeth.3414
Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P.,Schmidt, P. & Shih, Y.(1992). Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit root: How Sure Are We that Economic Time Series Have a Unit root? Journal of Econometrics, 54, 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(92)90104-Y
Lee, C. C. & Chang, C. P. (2008). New evidence on the convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions from panel seemingly unrelated regressions augmented Dickey–Fuller tests. Energy, 33(9), 1468-1475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.002
Lee, C. C. & Chang, C. P. (2009). Stochastic convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions and multiple structural breaks in OECD countries. Economic Modelling,26(6), 1375-1381. DOI:10.17015/ejbe.2016.018.07
Lee, J., Strazicich, M.C. (2003). Minimum Lagrange multiplier unit root test with two structural breaks. Rev. Econ. Stat. 85 (4), 1082e1089. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465303772815961.
Li, J.P., Ranjbar,O.,& Chang, T.(2015). Unemployment Hysteresis in PIIGS Countries: A New Test with Both Sharp and Smooth Breaks. The Singapore Economic Review, 60(4),1550078,1-1550078,13. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590815500782
Lumsdaine, R.L.,& Papell, D.H.(1997). Multiple Trend Breaks and the Unit root Hypothesis. Review of Economics and Statistics,79(2), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465397556791
Maddala, GS. & Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit roots tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 631–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1631
Nelson, Ch.R. & Plosser, Ch.I.(1982). Trends and Random Walks in Macroeconomic Time Series: Some evidence and implications. Journal of Monetary Economics, 10(2), 139-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(82)90012-5
Nordstrom,M.(2018). On the Use of Integer and Fractional Flexible Fourier Form Dickey-Fuller Unit root tests. Retrieved from http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8935950&fileOId=8935951
O'Rourke, D. & Connolly, S. (2003). Just Oil? The Distribution of Environmental and Social Impacts of Oil Production and Consumption. Annual Review of Environment and Resources,28(1),587-617. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105617
Ozcan, B., Ulucak, R. & Dogan, E.) 2019(. Analyzing long lasting effects of environmental policies: evidence from low-, middle- and high-income economies. Sustain.Cities. Soc, 44, 130-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scs.2018.09.025
Pearce, F. (2012). Could a Climate change Set off Volcanoes and quakes? Yale School of the Environment. Retrieved from https://e360.yale. edu/features/could_a_changing_climate_set_off_volcanoes_and_quakes
Perron, P. (1989). The great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica, 57 (6), 1361–1401. https://doi.org/10.2307/ 1913712
Perron, P. (1997). Further Evidence On Breaking Trend Functions in Macroeconomic Variables. Journal of Econometrics, 80(2), 255-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(97)00049-3
Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Empirical Economics. 60, 13-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-020-01875-7
Prodan, R. (2008). Potential pitfalls in determining multiple structural changes with an application to purchasing power parity. J. Business Econ. Stat, 26 (1), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1198/073500107000000304
Rodrigues, P.M.M. & Taylor, R.A.M. (2012). The flexible Fourier form and local generalised least squares de-trended unit root tests. Oxford Bull. Econ. Stat, 74 (5), 736–759. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011. 00665.x
Santoyo-Castelazo, E. & Azapagic, A. (2014). Sustainability assessment of energy systems: integrating environmental, economic and social aspects. Journal of Clean Production., 80, 119-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2014.05.061
Schubert, K. (2018). MACROECONOMICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT. OFCE. 2018/3 (N 157), 117-132. https://www.cairn.info/revue-de-l-ofce-2018-3-page-117.htm
Skea, J. (1992). Environmental issues facing the oil industry. Energy Policy, 20(10), 950-958. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(92)90182-2
Solarin, S. A., & Bello, M. O. (2018). Persistence of policy shocks to an environmental degradation index: The case of ecological footprint in 128 developed and developing countries. Ecological Indicators, 89, 35-44. DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.064
Stavins, R.N. (1998). Market-Based Environmental Policies. Discussion Paper 98-26, Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/rffdps/10506.html
Strazicich, M. C. & List, J. A. (2003). Are CO2 emission levels converging among industrial countries?. Environmental and Resource Economics, 24(3), 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022910701857
Tiwari, A. K., Kyophilavong, P. & Albulescu, C. T. (2016). Testing the stationarity of CO2 emissions series in Sub-Saharan African countries by incorporating nonlinearity and smooth breaks. Research in International Business and Finance, 37©, 527-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf. 2016.01.005
Tobler, C. (2017). Switzerland. In: EPTA and Assessment Swiss Foundation for Technology, ed. Shaping the future of mobility: mobility pricing in Europe and beyond. Berne: TA-Swiss, 67–70.
Ulucak, R. & Lin, D. (2017). Persistence of Policy Shocks to Ecological Footprint of The USA. Ecological Indicators, 80, 337-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.05.020
Westerlund, J.& Basher, S.A. (2007). Testing for Convergence in Carbon Dioxide Emissions Using a Century of Panel Data. Environmental and Resource Economics, 40, 109-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-007-9143-2
Yilanci, V., Gorus, M. & Aydin, M. (2019). Are Shocks to Ecological Footprint in OECD Countries Permanent or Temporary?, Journal of Cleaner Production, 212, 270-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro. 2018.11.299
Yilanci, V. & Pata, U. (2020). Are shocks to ecological balance permanent or temporary? Evidence from LM unit root tests. Journal of Cleaner Production, 276:124294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124294
Zivot, E. & Andrews, K. (1992). Further Evidence On the Great Crash, The Oil Price Shock, and The Unit root Hypothesis. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(10), 251-270. https://doi.org/10.2307/1391541
.