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استناد به استثنای امنیت ملی در نظام معاهدات بینالمللی | ||
پژوهش حقوق عمومی | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 24، شماره 75، شهریور 1401، صفحه 45-78 اصل مقاله (689.75 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22054/qjpl.2021.58257.2553 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
عباسعلی کدخدایی![]() ![]() ![]() | ||
1استاد گروه حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
2دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بینالملل دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
دولت هایی که امنیت ملی آنها مورد تهدید واقع می شود، در مواقعی با توسل به حفظ امنیت ملی خود مقررات بینالمللی را نقض میکنند. بنابراین نظام معاهدات، امنیت ملی را مورد توجه قرار داد. با بررسی مقررات وارده در نظام معاهدات راجع به استناد به امنیت ملی، قاعده بودن توسل به امنیتملی استنتاج نشد ولی با تحلیل موارد استثنای امنیت ملی در نظام معاهدات، دو مفهوم امنیت ملی حمایتی و امنیت ملی دفاعی در توسل به امنیت ملی استنباط گردید. «استثنای امنیت ملی حمایتی» مجموع مقرراتی است که در حمایت از افراد در برابر خودمحوری های دولتها در حوزه حقوق بشر شکل گرفته است و «استثنای امنیت ملی دفاعی» مجوزی است که حقوق بین الملل برای توسل به امنیت ملی از سوی کشورها برای دفاع از خود در برابر تهدیدهای حاد اعطا میکند. هدف این پژوهش پاسخ به این پرسش است که آیا کشورها می توانند با استناد به امنیت ملی خود، بصورت محدود و موقت حقوق بین الملل را نادیده انگارند؟ می توان تایید کرد که دولت ها به صورت کنترل شده میتوانند حقوق بین الملل را بی آنکه پاسخگو باشند برای حفاظت از خود نقض نمایند و این نقض ممکن است در برابر هر موجودیت بین المللی انجام پذیرد. مجموع دو مکانیسم مذکور بیان کننده مفهوم نظام استثناگرائی امنیت ملی هستند. استثنائات ضمنی و صریح در خصوص توسلات دول به امنیت ملی (استثناگرائی) را میتوان ذیل رژیم حقوقی امنیت ملی چهرهبندی کرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
معاهدات بینالمللی؛ استثناء صریح؛ استثناء ضمنی؛ امنیت ملی دفاعی؛ امنیت ملی حمایتی | ||
مراجع | ||
الف- فارسی
کتابها
مقالات و سایر
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