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جعفرپور, محمود. (1390). مدلی برای پذیرش یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه‌های ایران. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1(1), 91-121.
محمود جعفرپور. "مدلی برای پذیرش یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه‌های ایران". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1, 1, 1390, 91-121.
جعفرپور, محمود. (1390). 'مدلی برای پذیرش یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه‌های ایران', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1(1), pp. 91-121.
جعفرپور, محمود. مدلی برای پذیرش یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه‌های ایران. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1390; 1(1): 91-121.

مدلی برای پذیرش یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه‌های ایران

مطالعات مدیریت کسب و کار هوشمند
مقاله 5، دوره 1، شماره 1، آذر 1391، صفحه 91-121    اصل مقاله (631.58 K)
نویسنده
محمود جعفرپور
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
چکیده
هدف اصلی نوشتار حاضر، ارائه و ارزیابی یک مدل مفهومی از پذیرش یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه­های ایران است که با توجه به ماهیت آن با روش پژوهشی توصیفی و پیمایشی انجام یافته است. مدل مفهومی پژوهش با بررسی مدل­های موجود و با شناسایی متغیرهای موثر بر یادگیری الکترونیکی، طراحی و با مطالعة نگرش­ دانشجویانی که در سیستم یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه­های کشور مشغول به تحصیل بوده­اند، در قالب چهار فرضیه اصلی و هشت فرضیه فرعی مورد آزمون واقع گردید. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد به ترتیب چهار متغیر زیرساخت­های فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، کیفیت سیستم آموزشی، ساختار رفتار دانشجو و همچنین ساختار رفتار استاد در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد، تایید و حائز رتبه­های اول تا چهارم شدند. ضمن آن­که شاخص­های تکنولوژی‏های پیشرفته و فرآیندهای مطلوب سازمانی و اداری، به عنوان پراهمیت­ترین و شاخص­های صداقت در حل مسایل ایجاد شده و رضایت از امکانات در دسترس، به عنوان کم اهمیت­ترین شاخص­ها در فرایند پذیرش یادگیری الکترونیکی شناسایی گردید
کلیدواژه‌ها
یادگیری الکترونیکی؛ دانشگاه؛ کیفیت سیستم آموزشی؛ ساختار رفتار استاد؛ ساختار رفتار دانشجو
مراجع
 

  1. الوانی سید مهدی، عادل آذر و حسن دانایی­فرد(1383)، "روش­شناسی پژوهش کمی در مدیریت: رویکردی جامع"، انتشارات صفار، چاپ اول، تهران.
  2. جعفرپور محمود، مرتضی فیاضی و محمدمهدی بهرام­زاده(1387)، "بررسی عوامل کلیدی موفقیت در توسعة دانشگاه­های مجازی در کشور"، مجموعه مقالات پنجمین کنفرانس بین‏المللی مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، تهران، ایران.
  3. جعفرپور، محمود و حسین رحمان­سرشت(1388)؛" ارایة یک مدل مفهومی از خرید اینترنتی کتاب و ارزیابی آن در دانشگاه­های کشور"، فصلنامه پژوهشنامه بازرگانی، شماره 52، صفحه 211-247.
  4. سرایی حسن، (1382)، "مقدمه­ای بر نمونه­گیری در تحقیق، انتشارات سمت، صفحه 133، تهران.
    1. Allen, E. & Seaman, J.(2004), Entering the mainstream: the quality and extent of online education in the United States, Vol.27, Needham, MA: Sloan Center for Online Education.
    2. Al-Gahtani.Said S, Geoffrey S. Hubona & Jijie Wang(2007); Information Technology (IT) In Saudi Arabia:Culture And The Acceptance And Use Of IT; Information & Management; Vol.44,Pp 681–691.
    3. Alstete Jeffey.W,(2001), Alternative Uses Of Electronic Learning Systems For Enhancing Team Performance, Team Performance Management. International Journal, Volume 7, Number 3/4, Pp 48- 52.
    4. Chen, L., Soliman, K. S., Mao, E., & Frolick, M. N. (2000), Measuring user satisfaction with data warehouses: An exploratory study. Information and Management, 37(3), 103–110.
    5. CID.(2005), Center For International Development At Harvard University. Harvard: Information Technologies Groups.
    6. Chen R, Hsiang C.(2007), A study on the critical success factors for corporations embarking on knowledge community-based e-learning, Information Sciences, vol.177, Pp.570–586.
    7. Chen Y, Li L.(2006), Deriving information from CRM for knowledge management-a note on a commercial bank, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Vol. 23, No.2, Pp.141–146.
    8. CSPP.(2000), Computer Systems Policy Project, Lithe CSPP Readiness Guide For Living In The Networked World: A Self-Assessment Tool For Communities.
    9. Demirkan Haluk & Michael Goul(2010), A Reference Model for ustainable E-Learning Service Systems: Experiences with the Joint University/Teradata Consortium, Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, Vol. 8, No. 1, Pp. 151-189.
    10. DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: a tenyear update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30.
    11. Gasco JL, Llopis J, Gonzalez MR(2004). The use of information technology in training human resources: an e-learning case study. Journal of European Industrial, Training 28(5): 370–382.
    12. Gable, G. G., Sedera, D., & Chan, T. (2003). Enterprise systems success: A measurement model. In Proceedings of the twenty-fourth international conference on information systems. Pp. 576–591.
    13. Gallagher, S. (2004), Online distance education market update: a nascent market begins to mature. Boston, MA: Eduventures, Inc. Retrieved from www.eduventures.com
    14. Heo, J., & Han, I. (2003). Performance measure of information systems (IS) in evolving computing environments:An empirical investigation. Information and Management, 40(4), 243–256.
    15. He G. (2003). On the definition and translation of elearning. Chinese Science & Technology Translators, Journal 16(2): 1–3.
    16. Honglei, Lai,V.S.,(2005), Technology Acceptance Model For Internet Banking: An Invariance Analysis, Information & Management,Vol42,No 2,Pp 373-386.
    17. Henry P.(2001). E-learning technology, content and services. Education Training 43(4): 249–255.
    18. ITU(2001), International Telecommunication Union ,World Telecommunication Indicators. Geneva, Switzerland: International Telecommunication Union.
    19. Khan, B. H. (2005). Managing E-Learning: Design, Delivery, Implementation, And Evaluation. Hershey, PA: Information Science publishing. (Website: Http://Bookstoread.Com/Elearning).
    20. Keegan, D., Lossenko, J., Mazar, I., Michels, P. F., Paulsen, M. F., Rekkedal, T., et al. (2007). E-learning initiatives that did not reach targeted goals. Bekkestua, Norway: MegaTrends in E-learning Provision
    21. Kim, K.-J. & Bonk, C. J. (2006). The future of online teaching and learning in higher education: the survey says.. ., Educause Quarterly, Vol.29, Pp.22–30.
    22. Lee Jong-Ki, Woong-Kyu Lee(2008), The relationship of e-Learner’s self-regulatory efficacy and perception of e-Learning environmental quality, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.24, Pp. 32–47.
    23. Liu, C., & Arnett, K. P. (2000). Exploring the factors associated with Web site success in the context of electronic commerce. Information and Management, 38(1), 23–33.
    24. Liu Yanping & Hong Wang(2009), A Comparative Study on E-learning Technologies and Products: from the East to the West, Systems Research and Behavioral Science,Vol.26, Pp. 191-209.
    25. Lu Hsi-Peng & Ming-Jen Chiou (2010), The impact of individual differences on e-learning system satisfaction: A contingency approach, Vol. 41, No. 2, Pp307–323.
    26. Li Y & Zhang Y(2003). Study on Implementation of training system based on e-learning in enterprises. China Soft Science 4: 70–74.
    27. Liang M, Qu L, Jin C.(2005), The outlook of e-learning in enterprises. Commercial Research 21: 367–371.
    28. Liu, L  And Ma, Q (2004), “The Technology Acceptance Model: A Meta-Analysis Of Empirical Findings”. Journal Of Organizational And End User Computing, Vol.16, No 1, Pp 59-74.
    29. Mahdizadeh, Hossein & Harm Biemans, Martin Mulder(2007), “Determining Factors Of The Use Of E-Learning Environments By University Teachers”. Computers In Human Behavior.
    30. Marold, K. A., Larsen, G., &. (2000). Web-Based Learning: Is It Working? A Comparison Of Student Performance And Achievement In Web-Based Courses And Their In-Classroom Counterparts. In Proceedings Of The 2000 Information Resources Management Association International Conference On Challenges Of Information.
    31. Muylle, S., Moenaert, R., & Despontin, M. (2004). The conceptualization and empirical validation of web site user satisfaction. Information and Management, 41(5), 543–560.
    32. Masiello, I., Ramberg, R. & Lonka, K. P. O. (2005). Attitudes to the application of a web-basedlearning system in a microbiology course. Computers & Education, Vol.45, Pp.171–185.
    33. Martinez, Raquel Amaya & Maria Milans Del bosch. (2007), An dress sam Pedro Nuno “Psychopedagogical components and process in e-learning, lessons from an unsuccesful on-line course. Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.23, Pp.146- 16.
    34. McKinney, V., Yoon, K., & Zahedi, F. M. (2002). The measurement of web-customer satisfaction: an expectation and disconfirmation approach. Information Systems Research, 13(3), 296–315.
    35. Njenga James Kariuki & Louis Cyril Henry Fourie(2010), The myths about e-learning in higher education, Vol. 41, No. 2, Pp. 199–212.
    36. Pikkarainen, Tero, Kari Karjaluoto, Heikki Seppo (2004), Consumer Acceptance Of Online Banking: An Extension Of Technology Acceptance Model , Vol.14, No 3, P 236.
    37. Porter, Constance Elise & Naveen Donthu(2006); Using The Technology Acceptance Model To Explain How Attitudes Determine Internet Usage: The Role Of Perceived Access Barriers And Demographics; Journal Of Business Research, Vol.59,Pp999–1007.
    38. Rai, A., Lang, S. S., & Welker, R. B. (2002). Assessing the validity of IS success models: an empirical test and theoretical analysis. Information Systems Research, 13(1), 50–69.
    39. Rosenberg JM.(2001), E-learning: Strategies for Delivering Knowledge in the Digital Age. McGraw-Hill: New York.
    40. Song, Y. S. (2000). Cultivation course to men of talent and e-Learning strategy of digital era. Journal of Training and Development, Vol.7, P148.
    41. Schweizer H.(2004), E-learning in business. Journal of management education 28(6): 674–692.
    42. Selim HM.(2005), Critical success factors for e-learning acceptance: confirmatory factor models. Computers & Education 9(2): 396–413.
    43. Tzouveli. Paraskevi, Phivos Mylonas, Stefanos Kollias.(2007), An intelligent e-learning system based on learner profiling and learning resources adaptation, Computers & Education, Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
    44. Venkatesh, V(2000); Determinants Of Perceived Ease Of Use: Integrating Control, Intrinsic Motivations, And Emotion Into The Technology Acceptance Model. Inf Syst Res;11(4):342–65.
    45. Venkatesh V, Brown SA.(2001); A Longitudinal Investigation Of Personal Computers In Homes: Adoption Determinants And Emerging Challenges. MIS Q;25(1):71-102.
    46. Wagner, N., Hassanein, K., & Head, M. (2008). Who Is Responsible For E-Learning Success In Higher Education? A Stakeholders' Analysis. Educational Technology & Society, 11 (3), 26-36. 
    47. Wang Yi-Shun, Hsiu-Yuan Wang, Daniel Y. Shee(2007), Measuring e-learning systems success in an organizational context: Scale development and validation, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 23, Pp.1792–1808.
    48. Wang, Y.-S.(2003), Assessment of learner satisfaction with asynchronous electronic learning systems. Information and Management, 41(1), 75–86.
    49. Wang, Y.-S., & Tang, T.-I. (2003). Assessing customer perceptions of Web sites service quality in digital marketing environments. Journal of End User Computing, 15(3), 14–31.
    50. Wang, Y.-S., Tang, T.-I., & Tang, J.-T. D. (2001). An instrument for measuring customer satisfaction toward web sites that market digital products and services. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 2(3), 89–102.
    51. Wu, J.-H., Tennyson, R. D. Hsia, T.-L., & Liao, Y.-W. (2008). Analysis of Elearning innovation and core capability using a hypercube model. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1851–1866.
    52. Wentling. TL, Waight C, Gallagher J, La Fleur J, Wang C, Kanfer A.(2000),               E-learning - a review of literature. Knowledge and Learning Systems Group NCSA 9. 1–73.
    53. Zhang, D. (2002). Media Structuration-Towards An Integrated Approach To Interactive Multimedia-Based E-Learning. Ph.D. Dissertation. The University Of Aritona.
    54. Zhang, D., & Nunamaker, J. F. (2003). Powering E-Learning In The New Millennium: An Overview Of E-Learning And Enabling Technology. Information Systems Frontiers, 5(2), 207–218.
    55. Zheng M, Dai R. (2006). The design of an e-learning system framework. Journal of Guangdong Radio & TV University 15(3): 5–9.
    56. Zhang Y, Bhattacharyya S.(2007), Effectiveness of Qlearning as a tool for calibrating agent-based supply network models. Enterprise Information Systems 1(2): 217–233.

 

  1. الوانی سید مهدی، عادل آذر و حسن دانایی­فرد(1383)، "روش­شناسی پژوهش کمی در مدیریت: رویکردی جامع"، انتشارات صفار، چاپ اول، تهران.
  2. جعفرپور محمود، مرتضی فیاضی و محمدمهدی بهرام­زاده(1387)، "بررسی عوامل کلیدی موفقیت در توسعة دانشگاه­های مجازی در کشور"، مجموعه مقالات پنجمین کنفرانس بین‏المللی مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، تهران، ایران.
  3. جعفرپور، محمود و حسین رحمان­سرشت(1388)؛" ارایة یک مدل مفهومی از خرید اینترنتی کتاب و ارزیابی آن در دانشگاه­های کشور"، فصلنامه پژوهشنامه بازرگانی، شماره 52، صفحه 211-247.
  4. سرایی حسن، (1382)، "مقدمه­ای بر نمونه­گیری در تحقیق، انتشارات سمت، صفحه 133، تهران.
    1. Allen, E. & Seaman, J.(2004), Entering the mainstream: the quality and extent of online education in the United States, Vol.27, Needham, MA: Sloan Center for Online Education.
    2. Al-Gahtani.Said S, Geoffrey S. Hubona & Jijie Wang(2007); Information Technology (IT) In Saudi Arabia:Culture And The Acceptance And Use Of IT; Information & Management; Vol.44,Pp 681–691.
    3. Alstete Jeffey.W,(2001), Alternative Uses Of Electronic Learning Systems For Enhancing Team Performance, Team Performance Management. International Journal, Volume 7, Number 3/4, Pp 48- 52.
    4. Chen, L., Soliman, K. S., Mao, E., & Frolick, M. N. (2000), Measuring user satisfaction with data warehouses: An exploratory study. Information and Management, 37(3), 103–110.
    5. CID.(2005), Center For International Development At Harvard University. Harvard: Information Technologies Groups.
    6. Chen R, Hsiang C.(2007), A study on the critical success factors for corporations embarking on knowledge community-based e-learning, Information Sciences, vol.177, Pp.570–586.
    7. Chen Y, Li L.(2006), Deriving information from CRM for knowledge management-a note on a commercial bank, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Vol. 23, No.2, Pp.141–146.
    8. CSPP.(2000), Computer Systems Policy Project, Lithe CSPP Readiness Guide For Living In The Networked World: A Self-Assessment Tool For Communities.
    9. Demirkan Haluk & Michael Goul(2010), A Reference Model for ustainable E-Learning Service Systems: Experiences with the Joint University/Teradata Consortium, Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, Vol. 8, No. 1, Pp. 151-189.
    10. DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: a tenyear update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30.
    11. Gasco JL, Llopis J, Gonzalez MR(2004). The use of information technology in training human resources: an e-learning case study. Journal of European Industrial, Training 28(5): 370–382.
    12. Gable, G. G., Sedera, D., & Chan, T. (2003). Enterprise systems success: A measurement model. In Proceedings of the twenty-fourth international conference on information systems. Pp. 576–591.
    13. Gallagher, S. (2004), Online distance education market update: a nascent market begins to mature. Boston, MA: Eduventures, Inc. Retrieved from www.eduventures.com
    14. Heo, J., & Han, I. (2003). Performance measure of information systems (IS) in evolving computing environments:An empirical investigation. Information and Management, 40(4), 243–256.
    15. He G. (2003). On the definition and translation of elearning. Chinese Science & Technology Translators, Journal 16(2): 1–3.
    16. Honglei, Lai,V.S.,(2005), Technology Acceptance Model For Internet Banking: An Invariance Analysis, Information & Management,Vol42,No 2,Pp 373-386.
    17. Henry P.(2001). E-learning technology, content and services. Education Training 43(4): 249–255.
    18. ITU(2001), International Telecommunication Union ,World Telecommunication Indicators. Geneva, Switzerland: International Telecommunication Union.
    19. Khan, B. H. (2005). Managing E-Learning: Design, Delivery, Implementation, And Evaluation. Hershey, PA: Information Science publishing. (Website: Http://Bookstoread.Com/Elearning).
    20. Keegan, D., Lossenko, J., Mazar, I., Michels, P. F., Paulsen, M. F., Rekkedal, T., et al. (2007). E-learning initiatives that did not reach targeted goals. Bekkestua, Norway: MegaTrends in E-learning Provision
    21. Kim, K.-J. & Bonk, C. J. (2006). The future of online teaching and learning in higher education: the survey says.. ., Educause Quarterly, Vol.29, Pp.22–30.
    22. Lee Jong-Ki, Woong-Kyu Lee(2008), The relationship of e-Learner’s self-regulatory efficacy and perception of e-Learning environmental quality, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.24, Pp. 32–47.
    23. Liu, C., & Arnett, K. P. (2000). Exploring the factors associated with Web site success in the context of electronic commerce. Information and Management, 38(1), 23–33.
    24. Liu Yanping & Hong Wang(2009), A Comparative Study on E-learning Technologies and Products: from the East to the West, Systems Research and Behavioral Science,Vol.26, Pp. 191-209.
    25. Lu Hsi-Peng & Ming-Jen Chiou (2010), The impact of individual differences on e-learning system satisfaction: A contingency approach, Vol. 41, No. 2, Pp307–323.
    26. Li Y & Zhang Y(2003). Study on Implementation of training system based on e-learning in enterprises. China Soft Science 4: 70–74.
    27. Liang M, Qu L, Jin C.(2005), The outlook of e-learning in enterprises. Commercial Research 21: 367–371.
    28. Liu, L  And Ma, Q (2004), “The Technology Acceptance Model: A Meta-Analysis Of Empirical Findings”. Journal Of Organizational And End User Computing, Vol.16, No 1, Pp 59-74.
    29. Mahdizadeh, Hossein & Harm Biemans, Martin Mulder(2007), “Determining Factors Of The Use Of E-Learning Environments By University Teachers”. Computers In Human Behavior.
    30. Marold, K. A., Larsen, G., &. (2000). Web-Based Learning: Is It Working? A Comparison Of Student Performance And Achievement In Web-Based Courses And Their In-Classroom Counterparts. In Proceedings Of The 2000 Information Resources Management Association International Conference On Challenges Of Information.
    31. Muylle, S., Moenaert, R., & Despontin, M. (2004). The conceptualization and empirical validation of web site user satisfaction. Information and Management, 41(5), 543–560.
    32. Masiello, I., Ramberg, R. & Lonka, K. P. O. (2005). Attitudes to the application of a web-basedlearning system in a microbiology course. Computers & Education, Vol.45, Pp.171–185.
    33. Martinez, Raquel Amaya & Maria Milans Del bosch. (2007), An dress sam Pedro Nuno “Psychopedagogical components and process in e-learning, lessons from an unsuccesful on-line course. Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.23, Pp.146- 16.
    34. McKinney, V., Yoon, K., & Zahedi, F. M. (2002). The measurement of web-customer satisfaction: an expectation and disconfirmation approach. Information Systems Research, 13(3), 296–315.
    35. Njenga James Kariuki & Louis Cyril Henry Fourie(2010), The myths about e-learning in higher education, Vol. 41, No. 2, Pp. 199–212.
    36. Pikkarainen, Tero, Kari Karjaluoto, Heikki Seppo (2004), Consumer Acceptance Of Online Banking: An Extension Of Technology Acceptance Model , Vol.14, No 3, P 236.
    37. Porter, Constance Elise & Naveen Donthu(2006); Using The Technology Acceptance Model To Explain How Attitudes Determine Internet Usage: The Role Of Perceived Access Barriers And Demographics; Journal Of Business Research, Vol.59,Pp999–1007.
    38. Rai, A., Lang, S. S., & Welker, R. B. (2002). Assessing the validity of IS success models: an empirical test and theoretical analysis. Information Systems Research, 13(1), 50–69.
    39. Rosenberg JM.(2001), E-learning: Strategies for Delivering Knowledge in the Digital Age. McGraw-Hill: New York.
    40. Song, Y. S. (2000). Cultivation course to men of talent and e-Learning strategy of digital era. Journal of Training and Development, Vol.7, P148.
    41. Schweizer H.(2004), E-learning in business. Journal of management education 28(6): 674–692.
    42. Selim HM.(2005), Critical success factors for e-learning acceptance: confirmatory factor models. Computers & Education 9(2): 396–413.
    43. Tzouveli. Paraskevi, Phivos Mylonas, Stefanos Kollias.(2007), An intelligent e-learning system based on learner profiling and learning resources adaptation, Computers & Education, Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
    44. Venkatesh, V(2000); Determinants Of Perceived Ease Of Use: Integrating Control, Intrinsic Motivations, And Emotion Into The Technology Acceptance Model. Inf Syst Res;11(4):342–65.
    45. Venkatesh V, Brown SA.(2001); A Longitudinal Investigation Of Personal Computers In Homes: Adoption Determinants And Emerging Challenges. MIS Q;25(1):71-102.
    46. Wagner, N., Hassanein, K., & Head, M. (2008). Who Is Responsible For E-Learning Success In Higher Education? A Stakeholders' Analysis. Educational Technology & Society, 11 (3), 26-36. 
    47. Wang Yi-Shun, Hsiu-Yuan Wang, Daniel Y. Shee(2007), Measuring e-learning systems success in an organizational context: Scale development and validation, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 23, Pp.1792–1808.
    48. Wang, Y.-S.(2003), Assessment of learner satisfaction with asynchronous electronic learning systems. Information and Management, 41(1), 75–86.
    49. Wang, Y.-S., & Tang, T.-I. (2003). Assessing customer perceptions of Web sites service quality in digital marketing environments. Journal of End User Computing, 15(3), 14–31.
    50. Wang, Y.-S., Tang, T.-I., & Tang, J.-T. D. (2001). An instrument for measuring customer satisfaction toward web sites that market digital products and services. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 2(3), 89–102.
    51. Wu, J.-H., Tennyson, R. D. Hsia, T.-L., & Liao, Y.-W. (2008). Analysis of Elearning innovation and core capability using a hypercube model. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1851–1866.
    52. Wentling. TL, Waight C, Gallagher J, La Fleur J, Wang C, Kanfer A.(2000),               E-learning - a review of literature. Knowledge and Learning Systems Group NCSA 9. 1–73.
    53. Zhang, D. (2002). Media Structuration-Towards An Integrated Approach To Interactive Multimedia-Based E-Learning. Ph.D. Dissertation. The University Of Aritona.
    54. Zhang, D., & Nunamaker, J. F. (2003). Powering E-Learning In The New Millennium: An Overview Of E-Learning And Enabling Technology. Information Systems Frontiers, 5(2), 207–218.
    55. Zheng M, Dai R. (2006). The design of an e-learning system framework. Journal of Guangdong Radio & TV University 15(3): 5–9.
    56. Zhang Y, Bhattacharyya S.(2007), Effectiveness of Qlearning as a tool for calibrating agent-based supply network models. Enterprise Information Systems 1(2): 217–233.

 

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