نظریه‌های لزوم رعایت حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه توسط گروه‌های مسلح غیردولتی در پرتو مخاصمات مسلحانه غیر بین‌المللی یمن

• ضیائی بیگدلی، محمدرضا، حقوق بین­الملل بشردوستانه (تهران: انتشارات گنج دانش، 1392).
• کمیسیون حقوق بین­الملل، مسئولیت بین­المللی دولت، ترجمه­ علیرضا ابراهیم گل، چاپ یازدهم (تهران: موسسه­ مطالعات و پژوهش­های حقوقی شهر دانش، 1398).
• ممتاز، جمشید و امیرحسین رنجبریان، حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه: مخاصمه مسلحانه داخلی، چاپ دوم (تهران: انتشارات میزان، 1393).
• هنکرتز، ژان ماری و دوسوالدبک لوئیس، حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه عرفی، ترجمه­ دفتر ترجمه­ امور بین­الملل‌ قوه‌ قضائیه و کمیته بین‌المللی صلیب سرخ (تهران: انتشارات مجد، 1387).

• توکلی طبسی، علی و منصوری، فرنگیس، «تعهد و التزام متخاصمین به قواعد حقوق بشردوستانه در مخاصمه داخلی سوریه»، مجله حقوقی بین‌المللی، دوره­ 32، شماره 52، (بهار-تابستان 1394).
• حسینی آزاد، سید علی، «مسئولیت گروه­های نظامی غیردولتی در قبال نقض حقوق بشر در پرتو بیانیه­ مشترک مخبران مستقل حقوق بشر ملل متحد»، تالار گفتگوی تخصصی حقوقی و سیاسی بین­المللی انجمن ایرانی مطالعات سازمان ملل متحد، (1400)، Available at: , last visited September 2022.
• خلف رضایی، حسین، «گروه‌های مسلح فراملی و اجرای حقوق بشردوستانه بین­المللی»، مجله حقوقی بین­المللی، دوره 36، شماره 61، (1398).
• شارق، زهراسادات و محمدی مطلق، علیرضا، «مسئولیت بین‌المللی کشورهای عضو ائتلاف در مخاصمه یمن در پرتو بین­المللی شدن مخاصمه»، فصلنامه آفاق امنیت، سال نهم، شماره سی و سوم، (1395).
• شهبازی، آرامش و پویا برلیان، «مشروعیت‌سنجی مداخله دولت خارجی در مخاصمه­ غیربین‌المللی: تأملی در بحران یمن»، موسسه­ی مطالعات و پژوهش­های حقوقی، دوره­ 17، شماره­ 42، (1397).
• فضایلی، مصطفی، «مداخله نظامی در یمن از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل»، فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی، دوره 46، شماره 1، (1395).
• کرم زاده، سیامک و بهرام مرادیان، «بررسی مبانی رعایت قواعد بشردوستانه توسط گروه‌های غیردولتی، از منظر اسلام و حقوق بشردوستانه بین‌المللی؛ مطالعه موردی وضعیت عراق و سوریه»، فصلنامه پژوهش تطبیقی حقوق اسلام و غرب، سال سوم، شماره سوم، (1395).
• منصوری، فرنگیس، «بررسی مبانی حقوقی و نظری تعهدات گروه­های مسلح معارض در مخاصمات داخلی»، مجله­ تحقیقات حقوقی تطبیقی ایران و بین‌الملل، سال یازدهم، شماره 40، (1397).

• زمانی، سید قاسم، تقریرات درس مسئولیت بین­المللی، مقطع دکتری، دانشکده­ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، (1397-1396).

References

Books

• Annyssa, Bellal, Establishing the Direct Responsibility of Non-State Armed Groups for Violations of International Norms: Issues of Attribution, In Responsibilities of the Non-State Actor in Armed Conflict and the Market Place (The Netherlands: Brill, Nijhoff, 2015).
• Bílková, Veronika, Establishing Direct Responsibility of Armed Opposition Groups for Violations of International Humanitarian Law?, In Responsibilities of the Non-State Actor in Armed Conflict and the Market Place (The Netherlands: Brill, Nijhoff, 2015).
• Lauterpacht, Hersch, The Subjects of International Law, in E. Lauterpacht (ed.), International Law, Being the Collected Papers of Hersch Lauterpacht, Volume I: The General Works (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)
• Meron, Theodor, The humanization of international law, Hague Academy of International Law Monographs (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2008).
• Moir, L., The Law of Internal Armed Conflict, Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
• Noemi, Gal-Or, et al., Responsibilities of the Non-State Actor in Armed Conflict and the Market Place, chapter 14 (The Netherlands: Brill, Nijhoff, 2015).
• Sivakumaran, Sandesh, The Law of Non-International Armed Conflict (London: Oxford University Press, 2012), Available at: <https:// corteidh.or.cr/tablas/31035.pdf>, Last visited July 10, 2022.

Articles

• Ana Dols García, “Armed Groups, IHL and the Invisible World: How Spiritual Beliefs Shape Warfare”, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 102, No. 915, (2020).
• Ago, R., “Fourth Report on State Responsibility”, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Vol. II, 131-132, (1972), Available at: <http:// legal. un. org/ ilc/ documentation/ english/a_ cn4_264.pdf, Last Visited March 10, (2022).
• Ahlborn, Christiane, “The Rules of International Organizations and the Law of International Responsibility”, Amsterdam Center for International Law, University of Amsterdam, SHARES Research Paper 02, ACIL 2011-03, (2011), Available at: sharesproject.nl, Last visited March 25, (2022).
• Bangerter, Olivier, “Reasons Why Armed Groups Choose to Respect International Humanitarian Law or Not”, International Review of Red Cross, Vol. 93, No. 882, (2011),
• Cassese, A., “The Status of Rebels under the 1977 Geneva Protocols on Non-International Armed Conflicts”, 30^th, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, (1981).
• Clapham, Andrew, “The Rights and Responsibilities of Armed Non-State Actors: The Legal Landscape & Issues Surrounding Engagement”, Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, (2010), Available at SSRN: https:// ssrn. com/ abstract=1569636, Last Visited July 20, (2022).
• Cordesman, Anthony H, “The War in Yemen: Hard Choices in a Hard War”, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Vol. 6, No. 4, (2017), pp. 79-80, http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep23274, Last Visited August 5, (2022).
• Cunningham, David E. et al., “Non-State Actors in Civil Wars: A New Dataset”, Conflict Management and Peace Science 30, No. 5, (2013),
• D'Amato, Anthony, “A Few Steps Toward an Explanatory Theory of International Law”, 7 Santa Clara Journal of International Law 1, Northwestern University School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series, No. 10 –58, (2010), at 90, Available at  https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/facultyworkingpapers/90, Last Visited July 11, (2022).
• D’Aspremont, Jean, “Rebellion and State Responsibility: Wrongdoing by Democratically Elected Insurgents”, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 2, (2009), Available at: http:// jstor. org/stable/20488297, Last visited July 20, (2022).
• Heffes, E., “The Establishment of Courts by Organized Non-State Armed Groups in Light of the Principle of Equality of Belligerents”, 18^th Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, (2015), Available at:< https:// www. academia. edu/ 35137645/ Generating_ Respect_for_ International_Humanitarian_Law_The_Establishment_of_Courts_by_Organized_Non_State_Armed_Groups_in_Light_of_the_Principle_of_Equality_of_Belligerents_Yearbook_of_International_Humanitarian_Law_18_2015_2016>, Last visited March 5, (2022).
• Hyeran, Jo, “Compliant Rebels, Rebel Groups and International Law in World Politics”, International Review of the Red Cross, No. 98. (2016),
• Kleffner, Jann K., “The Applicability of International Humanitarian Law to Organized Armed Groups”, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 93, No. 882, (2011),
• May, Darwich, “The Saudi Intervention in Yemen: Struggling for Status”, International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 17, No. 2, (2018), http://www.jstor.org/stable/26390311, last visited August 5, (2022).
• Miller, Darrell A. H., “Self -Defense, Defense of Others, and the State”, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 80, No. 2, (2021), Jstor, http://www.jstor.org/stable/45019998, Last Visited August 5, (2022).
• Murray, Daragh, “Human Rights Obligations of Armed Non-State Actors: An Exploration of the Practice of the UN Human Rights Council”, Academy in-Brief, No. 7, Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, (2016), Available at: <https:// geneva- academy. ch/ joomlatools- files/ docman-files/ InBrief7_ web. pdf>, Last Visited July 20, (2022).
• Murray, Daragh “How International Humanitarian Law Treaties Bind Non-State Armed Groups”, Journal of Conflict & Security Law, Vol. 20, No. 1, (2015), Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26298154. Last visited July 09, (2022).
• O’sullivan, Dominic, “Sovereignty”, “We Are All Here to Stay”, Citizenship, Sovereignty and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 1st ed., Jstor, ANU Press, (2020), https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv186grnt.12, Last Accessed on August 5, (2022).
• Pictet, J, “Commentary on the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea”, ICRC, (1960), Available at: <https:// www. academia. edu/ 80444563/ The_ International_ Responsibility_ of_ Non_ State_ Armed_ Groups>, Last visited March 1, (2022).

• Qureshi, Waseem Ahmad, “Applicability of International Humanitarian Law to Non-State Actors”, 17 Santa Clara J. Int'l L. 1, (2019), Available at: https:// digitalcommons. law. scu. edu/ scujil/vol17/iss1/2, Last visited March 20, (2022).
• Sandoz, Y., Swinarski, C., & Zimmermann, B., “Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949”, International Committee of the Red Cross, (2020), Available at:< https://www.icrc.org/en/publication/0421-commentary-additional-protocols-8-june-1977-geneva-conventions-12-august-1949.
• Sassoli, Marco, “Armed Conflict in Yemen: An Illustration of the Pertinence and Deficiencies of Existing IHL Rules”, Iranian Journal of International and Comparative Law, No. 1, Vol. 1, (2023).
• Sassòli, Marco, “Taking Armed Groups Seriously: Ways to Improve their Compliance with International Humanitarian Law”, Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, No. 1, Vol. 1, (2010).
• Somer, Jonathan, “Jungle Justice: Passing Sentence on the Equality of Belligerents in Non-international Armed Conflict, Selected Article on International Humanitarian Law”, Vol. 89, (2007), Available at: <https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/irrc-867-8.pdf>, Last visited April 15, (2022).
• Williams, Paul R. et al., “A Legal Perspective on Yemen's Attempted Transition from a Unitary to a Federal System of Government”, Utrecht Journal of International and European Law, volume 4, (2017), Available at: https:// digitalcommons. wcl. american. edu/ facsch_lawrev/613, last visited August 5, (2022).
• Zegveld, L., “Accountability of Armed Opposition Groups in International Law”, Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law, Cambridge University Press, (2002).

Documents

• Geneva Call, “Deed of Commitment for the Protection of Children from the Effects of Armed Conflict”, Art. 8, (2010), Available at: <https://www.genevacall.org/wp-content/ uploads/ dlm_ uploads/ 2013/12/ DoC-Protecting-children-in-armed-conflict.pdf>, Last visited July 23, 2022; and Geneva Call, “Deed of Commitment for the Prohibition of Sexual Violence in Situations of Armed Conflict and Towards the Elimination of Gender Discrimination”, Art. 7, (2012), Available at: <https:// genevacall. org/ wpcontent/ uploads/ dlm_ uploads/ 2013/12/ DoC-Prohibiting- sexual- violence- and-genderdiscrimination. pdf>, Last visited March 10, 2022.
• Geneva Call, “Engaging Armed Non-State Actors in a Landmine Ban”, The Geneva Call Progress Report 2000-2007, Available at: <https:// genevacall. org/wp-content/ uploads/ dlm_ uploads/ 2013/12/ raport.pdf.>, Last visited March 20, (2022).
• Geneva Call, “DR Congo: Child Soldiers Leave Armed Groups Following Geneva Call’s Awareness-Raising Efforts”, (2017), para. 18-19, Available at: <https://genevacall.org/dr-congo-child-soldiersleave- armed-actors-following-Geneva-calls-awareness-raising-efforts/ >, Last Visited March 25, (2022).
• ICRC, “Commentary on Common Article 3 of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field”, (2016), Available at: <https:// www. icrc. org/ applic/ ihl/ ihl. nsf/ Comment.xsp? action= open Document & documentId= 59F6CDFA490736C1C1257F7D004 BA0EC#863_B>, Last visited July 20, (2022).
• ICRC new commentary on CA3, (2009), available at: <https://ihl databases. org/ applic/ ihl/ ihl. nsf/ Comment. xsp? action= open Document & documentId=59F6CDFA490736C1C1257F7D004BA0EC#_Toc465169878>, Last Visited 21 December (2021).
• ICRC, “Improving Compliance with International Humanitarian Law: ICRC Experts Seminars”, (2003), Available at https:// icrc. org/ eng/ assets/ files/ other/ improving_ compliance_ with_ international_ report_ eng_2003.pdf ,Last visited march 17, (2022).
• ICRC, “Relations with armed Forces, A Collection of Codes of Conducts Issued by Armed Groups”, (2010), Available at: < https:// icrc. org/en/doc/what-we-do/building-respect-ihl/dialogue-weapon-bearers/ armed- forces/overview-armed-forces.htm>, Last visited March 10, (2022).
• Mouvement de Libération du Congo, “Statuts du Mouvement de Libération du Congo; Statute of the Liberation Movement of Congo”, Art. 11-16, (1990), Available at:< http:// their words. org/ media/ transfer/ doc/ cd_ mlc_ 1999_ 09-.pdf>, Last Visited  June 10, (2022).
• Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations secretary General, (2005), Available at: <https:// un. org/ ruleoflaw/ blog/ document/ report- of -the- international-commission-of-inquiry-on-darfur-to-the-united-nations-secretary-general/>, Last visited March 8, (2022).
• Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, “Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations and Reports of Special Rapporteurs and Representatives. Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan”, UN Doc. A/50/569/16, (1995).
• SPLM/A, (1998),“ Penal and Disciplinary Laws”, Section 29, First Report on SPLM/A Practice, Chapter One, Available at:< https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/ docs/ v2_ cha_ chapter1_ rule1_ sectionb>, Last visited June 10, 2022.

- UK Ministry of Defense, “The Joint Service Manual of the Law of Armed Conflict”, fn 94, (2004), Available at:< https:// www. gov. uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_ data/ file/ 27874/ JSP3832004Edition. pdf>, Last visited July 10, 2022.

- UN Security Council, Security Council Resolution 2216, [on cessation of violence in Yemen and the reinforcement of sanctions imposed by resolution 2104 (2014)], S/RES/2216, (2015), Available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/553deebc4.html, Last visited July 15, (2022).