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- Bryde, Brun- Otto: Fundamental Rights as Guidelines and Inspiration: German Constitutionalism in International Perspective, Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 25, No.2.
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- Ciacchi Aurelia Colombi, (2010), Party Autonomy as a Fundamental Right in the EU, 6 European Review of Contract Law.
- Ciacchi A. C, (2014), European Fundamental Rights, Private Law, and Judicial Governance, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz (ed.), Constitutionalization of European Private Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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[1].Fundamental Human Rights.
[3].Cherednychenko Olha O, Fundamental Rights and Private Law: A Relationship of Subordination or Complementarity?, 3Utrecht L. Rev, 2007, p.1.
[4].Chantal Mack, Harmonising Effects of Fundamental Rights in European Contract Law, Erasmus Law Review, 2007, Volume 01, p.60.
[5].BrydeBrun- Otto: Fundamental Rights as Guidelines and Inspiration: German Constitutionalism in International Perspective, Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 25, No. 2,P.189.
[7].Horizontal.
اصطلاح عمودی و افقی معمولاً در دو معنا خود را ظاهر میسازد: از یک طرف، میتوان رابطه مابین شخص خصوصی و نهاد عمومی را عمودی و رابطه مابین دو شخص خصوصی را افقی تلقی کرد. از طرف دیگر، میتوانتأثیر حقوق بنیادین بر وضع، نسخ و اصلاح رسمی مقررات قانونی را عمودی و تأثیر آن بر تفسیر و اجرای قواعد و مقررات رسماً تغییر نیافته را افقی تلقی کرد.
[8].Lubano Christine Noella, The Application of Fundamental Rights to Private Relations in Kenya: Striking A Balance Between Fundamental Rights and the Freedom of Contract, 2013, p. 8- Fornasier, Matteo: The Impact of EU Fundamental Rights on Private Relationships: Direct or Indirect Effect?, 23 European Review of Private Law, 2015, p.29.
[12].Cherednychenko, op. cit, p.4.
[14]. Ribeiro, G. A., Direct and Indirect Effects of Fundamental Rights, 2012, p.2. Available at: http://www.wzb.eu/sites/default/files/veranstaltungen/goncalo-de-almeida-ribeiro-direct.
[15]. Lubano, op. cit, p.9.
[20].Barak, A., Constitutional Human Rights and Private Law, in D Friedman and D Barak-Erez (eds), Human Rights in Private Law, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2001, pp. 21-22; Smits, J., ‘Private Law and Fundamental Rights: A Sceptical View’, in T Barkhuysen and S Lindenbergh (eds), Constitutionalisation of Private Law, Leiden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2006, p.9.
[21].Caumes, C, L’interperetation du Contrat Au regard des Droits Fondamentaux, pour obtenir le grade de docteur en droit de l’Universitéd’Avignonet des pays de Vaucluse, le 25, 2010, p.39.
[23].Onufrio, Maria Vittoria, The Constitutionalization of Contract Law in the Irish, the German and the Italian systems: is Horizontal Indirect Effect like Direct Effect?, InDret, 4, 2007, p. 3- Krzeminska- Vamvaka Joanna, Horizontal Effect of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms- Much ado about Nothing? German, Polish and EU Theories Compared after Viking Line, 2009, p.10.
[24].Hesselink, Martijn, The Horizontal Effect of Social Rights in European Contract Law, European Review of Private Law, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2004, pp. 397-419.
[25].Barkhuseyn Tom & Van Emmerik Michiel, Constitutionalisation of Private Law: The European Convention on Human Rights Perspective,, Koninklijke Brill NV., Netherlands, 2006, p.46.
[26].Kumm, M, Who is Afraid of the Total Constitution? Constitutional Rights as Principles and the Constitutionalization of Private Law, German Law Journal, Vol. 07, No. 04, 2004, pp. 597- 595.
[27].Optimization Requirements
[28].Ribeiro, op. cit, p.12.
[29].Barkhuysen, op. cit, p.48.
[30]. Ciacchi A. C., European Fundamental Rights, Private Law, and Judicial Governance, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz (ed.), Constitutionalization of European private law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 131.
[32]. Ciacchi Aurelia Colombi, The Constitutionalization of European Contract Law: Judicial Convergence and Social Justice, ERCL, 2, 2006, p. 167. Available at: www. ssrn.com.
[33].Kull, Irene, Principle of Good Faith and Constitutional Values in Contract Law, juridica international VII, 2002, p.142.
[34].سنهوری، عبدالرزاق احمد،الوسیط فی شرح قانون المدنی الجدید، جلد1، بیروت، منشورات الحلبی الحقوقیه، 2009، صص 156- 157.
[36].Collins Hugh, The Impact of Human Rights Law on Contract Law in Europe, 2011, p.5, Available at: ssrn.com, p.5.
[37].Mohd Faiz Abdullah and Rozanah Ab, Rahmna, Unconscionability and The Clash Between ContractualJustice and Freedom of Contract in Malaysia, p.1.
[38].Marella, Maria Rosaria, The Old and the New Limits to Freedom of Contract in Europe, ERCL, 2, 2006, p.262.
[39].بجنوردی، محمدحسن موسوی، القواعد الفقهیه، جلد3، قم، نشر الهادی، 1419، ص136؛ شیرازی، ناصر مکارم، القواعد الفقهیه، جلد2، قم، مدرسه امام امیر المؤمنین(ع)، 1411، ص373.
[40].دیوان عالی کشور نیز در یکی از آراء خود به صراحت اصل حاکمیت اراده را در تنظیم قراردادهای خصوصی به موجب ماده 10 قانون مدنی پذیرفته است (بازگیر، یدالله، آراء دیوان عالی کشور در امور حقوقی، جلد2، تهران، ققنوس، 1377، ص45).
[41]. Hesselink Martijn W, The European Commission,s Action Plan: Towards a more Coherent European Contract Law?, p.16, Available at: SSRN.com- Rutgers Jacobien W, The European Economic Constitution, Freedom of Contract and the DCFR, 5 European Review of Contract Law, 2009, p.95- Rutgers Jacobien W, An Optional Instrument and Social Dumping, 2 European Review of Contract Law, 2006, p.199.
[42].Eidenmuller Horst, Party Autonomy, Distributive Justice and the Conclusion of Contracts in the DCFR, 5 European Review of Contract Law, 2009, pp.109, 130- Storme Matthias E, Freedom of Contract: Mandatory and Non-Mandatory Rules in European Contract Law, Journal of South African Law, 2008, pp.179, 192- 195.
[43].Chrenkoff, Arthur, Freedom of Contract: A New Look at the History and Future of the Idea, 21 Austl. J. Leg. Phil, 1996, pp. 36, 37.
[44].کاتوزیان، ناصر، فلسفه حقوق، جلد اول، تهران، شرکت سهامی انتشار، ،1388، ص 79.
[45].Hobhouse Leonard T, Liberalism, Oxford University Press, 1964, p.50.
[46].Lubano, op. cit, p.10.
[47].Atiyah Patrick S, The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract, Clarendon Press, 1979, pp. 693- 715.
1. 49 Grundmann Stefan, The Future of Contract Law, 7European Review of Contract Law, 2011, pp.490, 505- see also: Pettit Jr Mark, Freedom, Freedom of Contract, and the Rise and Fall, 79 Boston University Law Review, 1999, pp.263, 297.
[49].Cherednychenko Olha, The Constitutionalization of Contract Law: Something New under the Sun? 8 Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, 2004- Collins Hugh, The Constitutionalization of European Private Law as a Patch to Social Justice, pp.135- 141 in Micklitz Hans W, The Many Concepts of Social Justice in European Private Law, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited 2011, pp.158- 164.
[50]. Chantal, Mak, Fundamental Rights in European Contract Law: A Comparison of the Impact of Fundamental Rights on Contractual Relationships in Germany, the Netherland, Italy and England, Kluwer Law International, 2008, pp.281- 286.
[51].Marella, op. cit, pp.257, 267- 268.
[52]. Ciacchi Aurelia Colombi, Party Autonomy as a Fundamental Right in the EU, 6 European Review of Contract Law, 2010, pp. 306- 307.
[53].Errera Roger, The Right of Property and Freedom of Enterprise in French Constitutional Law, Institute of Law and Public Policy, 2009, p.22.
[54]. Ciacchi, op. cit, p.313.
56??Szwed Marcin, Constitutional Protection of Freedom of Contract in the European Union, Poland and the United States and its Potential Impact on the European Contract Law, Central European University, 2014, p.16.
[56].کاتوزیان، ناصر، «محدودیتهای آزادی قراردادی بر مبنای حمایت از مصرف کننده»، فصلنامه حقوق، مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دوره 38، شماره3، 1378، ص 328.
[57].Ciacchi, 2006, p. 2.
[58].Cherednychenko, op. cit, 2006, p.492.
[59].Cherednychenko, op. cit, 2007, p.7.
[60].Ciacchi, op. cit, 2006, p.172.
[61]. Corte Cost,21 March 1968, no.16.
[62]. این ماده از قانون اساسی اختصاص به آزادی ابتکار عمل خصوصی اقتصادی دارد که مطابق صدر ماده آزاد است.
[63].Cons. Const, (2001), 229 with Comment N. Molfessis; (2001) 267 with Comment J.-E. Spitz..
[64].Ciacchi, op. cit, 2006, p.10.
[65].Putman Emmanuel, The Horizontal Application Theory and its Influence on the Freedom of Contract- a French Point of View, Law, Democracy& Development, p.220.
[66].Ciacchi, op. cit, 2007, p.10.
[67]. شریعت باقری، محمد جواد، «برتری معاهدات بینالمللی نسبت به قوانین عادی»، مجله تحقیقات حقوقی، شماره 56، 1390، ص 289 به بعد.
[68]. حاجی پور، مرتضی، «حسن نیت در انعقاد قرارداد؛ با تأکید بر کنوانسیون بیع بینالمللی کالا»، مجله حقوقی بینالمللی، شماره 54، 1395، صص 322- 316.
[69]. ایمانیان، فریبرز، شمس، عبدالله و تفرشی، محمد عیسی، «تفسیر حقوق مدنی در قانون مدنی»، فصلنامه مدرس، دوره 7، شماره 1، 1382، ص 24.
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